Immunostimulating and intracellular signaling pathways mechanism on macrophage of rhamnogalacturonan-I type polysaccharide purified from radish leaves.

In this study, the intracellular signaling pathways involved in macrophage activation through the RG-I-type polysaccharide (REP-I) purified from radish leaves were elucidated. The gene expression and secretion of immune-related factors such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and nitrogen oxide (NO) from macrophages were enhanced by the addition of REP-I. Moreover, immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry analyses indicated that REP-I dose-dependently phosphorylated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways.

Synergistic effect of Korean red ginseng extract and GABA mixture on the IgE production in mice via Th1/Th2 cell balance.

It has been recently reported that the immune system has been linked to the nervous system. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of administration of two components, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and Panax ginseng Meyer (GIN), on the production of IgE and Th1-Th2 dominant cytokines. Antibody and inflammatory mediator levels in serum, and the cytokines secreted to spleen cells of ovalbumin (OVA) immunized mice were analyzed.

Layers of Uranium Phosphate Nanorods and Nanoplates Encrusted on Fungus Cladosporium sp. Strain F1 Hyphae.

The hyphae of Cladosporium sp. strain F1 (CFGR 2020-301-00084) were heavily encrusted with pre-synthesized uranium phosphate minerals under a wide range of pH conditions. SEM and TEM images showed that nanorods and nanoplates of uranium phosphate minerals at pH 4 and 5 and at pH 6, 7, and 8, respectively, were tightly adsorbed along the hyphae of Cladosporium sp.

Elucidation of the microstructure of an immuno-stimulatory polysaccharide purified from Korean red ginseng using sequential hydrolysis.

The elucidation of the structural characteristics of polysaccharides from natural sources is generally difficult owing to their structural complexity and heterogeneity. In our previous study, an immuno-stimulatory polysaccharide (RGP-AP-I) was isolated from Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.

Immunostimulatory Activity of Polysaccharides Extracted from Celosia cristata Flowers.

Macrophages play a major role in innate immune responses by producing a variety of immune mediators and cytokines. The stimulation of macrophages by natural products may lead to an enhanced innate immune system. This study evaluated the immunostimulatory effects of a polysaccharide-rich crude fraction of Celosia cristata L.

Structural characteristics of a red ginseng acidic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I with immunostimulating activity from red ginseng.

Background: Many researchers reported that the various immune activities of red ginseng are due to acid polysaccharides. But, the exact structural characteristics of the acidic polysaccharide in red ginseng have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we isolated the acidic polysaccharide from red ginseng and characterized the structural property of the active moiety of this polysaccharide, which contributes to the immunostimulatory activity of red ginseng.

Improved effect of palatinose syrup bioconverted from sucrose on hyperglycemia and regulation of hepatic lipogenesis in male C57BL/6J mice.

In this study, we prepared palatinose-sucrose (PS) mixtures from sucrose by enzymatic bioconversion to improve the low sweetness of palatinose and to develop sweeteners that can lower blood sugar levels. We hypothesized that PS mixtures containing 30% or 50% palatinose might demonstrate improvement of hyperglycemia. The physiological changes in C57BL/6J mice fed with these concentrations of PS mixture were recorded.

Anti-Cancer Effects of Berry Polysaccharides Activation of Immune-Related Cells.

has long been used as natural medicine and health food all over the world. Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide and its prognosis likely depends on the immune system during tumor treatment. In this study, ginseng berry polysaccharides were evaluated for their immunostimulant and anti-cancer effects.

Signaling pathway and structural features of macrophage-activating pectic polysaccharide from Korean citrus, Cheongkyool peels.

To characterize the immuno-stimulating ingredient from the Korean citrus, Cheongkyool, a crude polysaccharide (CCE-0) was isolated from the pectinase digests of Cheongkyool peels, from which the complex polysaccharide CCE-I was purified to homogeneity by gel filtration. CCE-I highly enhanced the production of IL-6, TNF-α, and NO in RAW 264.7 cell lines.

Immunostimulating and Antimetastatic Effects of Polysaccharides Purified from Ginseng Berry.

Ginseng root has been used in traditional oriental medicine for the enhancement of immune system function. The immunostimulatory effects of ginseng berry polysaccharides, however, remain unclear. Effects of polysaccharides from ginseng berry on the activation of natural killer (NK) cells and inhibition of tumors are reported.

Signaling pathways associated with macrophage-activating polysaccharides purified from fermented barley.

Barley is commonly used in many food and health products. We have previously demonstrated the macrophage-stimulating properties of polysaccharides derived from fermented barley. In this study, three polysaccharide fractions (BF-I-III) were purified from fermented barley and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed.

Rhamnogalacturonan-I-Type Polysaccharide Purified from Broccoli Exerts Anti-Metastatic Activities Via Innate Immune Cell Activation.

To examine the anti-metastatic activities of polysaccharides in broccoli, purified polysaccharides (BCE-I, -II, and -III) were isolated by fractionation of broccoli enzyme extracts and subsequent ethanol precipitation. BCE-I mainly consisted of galactose and arabinose, whereas BCE-II mainly consisted of galacturonic acid and rhamnose, and BCE-III mainly consisted of rhamnose and galactose. Of the three fractions, stimulation of murine peritoneal macrophages by BCE-I showed the greatest enhancement of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-6 secretion.

Oral administration of palatinose vs sucrose improves hyperglycemia in normal C57BL/6J mice.

Palatinose is a sucrose analog with a slower digestion rate than that of sucrose. For this reason, palatinose shows better effects on hepatic lipogenesis and cholesterol homeostasis compared with sucrose. We hypothesized that supplementation with palatinose instead of sucrose improves postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in mice.

Characterization of new oligosaccharide converted from cellobiose by novel strain of .

Six bacterial strains isolated from various Korean fermented foods were cultured in cellobiose-containing medium to investigate their potential for producing new kind of oligosaccharides. After bacterial culture in a liquid medium, each culture medium was concentrated and analyzed. TLC analysis revealed that only one strain ( SS-76) produced new spot on the TLC plate, indicating that it could converts cellobiose into a new oligosaccharide.

Immunostimulatory and anti-metastatic activity of polysaccharides isolated from byproducts of the corn starch industry.

Corn steep liquor (CSL) is a major by-product of the corn steeping process that is utilized in the wet milling industry. To develop new physiologically active polysaccharides from CSL, polysaccharides were isolated and their innate immunostimulatory and anti-metastatic activities were investigated. Corn byproduct polysaccharides (CBP) were preferentially isolated from CSL and further separated into supernatant (CBP1S) and precipitate (CBP1P) fractions.

Inhibitory effect of chaga mushroom extract on compound 48/80-induced anaphylactic shock and IgE production in mice.

Chaga mushrooms (Inonotus obliquus) are hypothesised to exhibit general immune-potentiating, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties, but their anti-allergic activities are not fully understood. Therefore, this study investigated whether a chaga mushroom extract (C-HE) might have anti-allergic activity. This activity was assessed through the levels of the IgE Ab produced in response to an allergen (OVA).