A case study exploring the effectiveness of an innovative "5Q Care Test" to determine whether patients with complex needs require health or social care.

A case study was conducted in 2016 to evaluate the effectiveness of an innovation to enable people with "complex" care requirements to be discharged from hospital to an appropriate service for their care, without using the NHS England Continuing Health Care (CHC) assessment. The setting was a rural district general hospital in England, where the quality outcomes and cost-effectiveness of the CHC assessment being conducted in hospital were giving cause for concern. The NHS CHC Framework advocates conducting these assessments in the community where a more accurate indication of long-term care can be determined.

Nursing activities for patients with chronic disease in family medicine groups: A multiple-case study.

Family Medicine Groups (FMGs) are the most recently developed primary care organizations in Quebec (Canada). Nurses within FMGs play a central role for patients with chronic diseases (CD). However, this complex role and the nursing activities related to this role vary across FMGs.

A case study exploring employment factors affecting general practice nurse role development.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the factors affecting role development in practice nursing in the United Kingdom.

Background: General practice is currently central to National Health Service reform, producing favourable conditions for the practice nurse role to be further strengthened and developed. However, the literature has continued to describe evidence that practice nurses are a disempowered, isolated group with many constraints reducing their ability to respond to opportunities to develop their role.

Integrating care across a challenged local health economy: the West Norfolk Health and Social Alliance.

A Health and Social Care Alliance established in 2012 and selected as a national 'Integration Pioneer' site is exploring how integration can address local system challenges faced in many health economies across the UK. The original programme focused on data gathered from the evaluation of the national Integration Care Organisation pilots - there were three in West Norfolk - about patient experience, aiming to develop stronger early community interventions in a more coordinated way to keep people independent longer. The early programme initiatives have created a firm partnership, innovative services and a good foundation on which to build, which has been a strength as the local health economy now faces a huge financial and clinical sustainability challenge in its current configuration.