Effect of medetomidine and its antagonism with atipamezole on stress-related hormones, metabolites, physiologic responses, sedation, and mechanical threshold in goats.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of medetomidine and its antagonism with atipamezole in goats.

Study Design: Prospective randomized crossover study with 1 week between treatments.

Animals: Six healthy 3-year-old neutered goats (three male and three female) weighing 39.

Evaluation of microchip migration in horses, donkeys, and mules.

Objective: To determine whether microchips used for identification migrate after implantation in horses, donkeys, and mules.

Design: Prospective study.

Animals: 53 horses, donkeys, and mules.

Transformation and normalization of oligonucleotide microarray data.

Motivation: Most methods of analyzing microarray data or doing power calculations have an underlying assumption of constant variance across all levels of gene expression. The most common transformation, the logarithm, results in data that have constant variance at high levels but not at low levels. Rocke and Durbin showed that data from spotted arrays fit a two-component model and Durbin, Hardin, Hawkins, and Rocke, Huber et al.

Pharmacokinetics and selected behavioral responses to butorphanol and its metabolites in goats following intravenous and intramuscular administration.

Objective: To evaluate disposition of a single dose of butorphanol in goats after intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration and to relate behavioral changes after butorphanol administration with plasma concentrations.

Design: Randomized experimental study.

Animals: Six healthy 3-year-old neutered goats (one male and five female) weighing 46.