Efficacy and safety of nivolumab and ipilimumab with or without chemotherapy for unresectable non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter retrospective observational study.

Introduction: Compared to platinum-based therapies, a combination of ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1) has demonstrated improved outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), albeit with higher rates of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This multicenter retrospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of nivolumab and ipilimumab with or without chemotherapy (NI and NICT) in real-world clinical settings.

Methods: We enrolled 215 treatment-naïve NSCLC patients who received NI or NICT between December 2020 and May 2023 at 14 institutions in Japan.

Synthesis of Bis(diimino)palladium Nanosheets as Highly Active Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution.

Development of efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) is necessary to achieve environmentally friendly and sustainable hydrogen production. To reduce cost and to circumvent the scarcity of platinum, the most efficient catalyst for HER, it is essential to develop catalysts using ubiquitous base metals or minimal amounts of precious metals. Bis(diimino)metal (MDI) coordination nanosheets are potential HER catalysts because their electric conductivities, two-dimensionality, and porous structures provide large surface areas and efficient mass and electron transfer.

Histological improvement of fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C who achieved a 5-year sustained virological response to treatment with direct-acting antivirals.

Background: The histological improvement in liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C who achieved a sustained virological response (SVR) to direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment has not been comprehensively investigated. Therefore, we assessed the histological changes in liver fibrosis among patients with hepatitis C who underwent long-term follow-up after achieving SVR to treatment with DAA.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 71 patients with hepatitis C who achieved SVR to treatment with DAA.

Analysis of the Recovery Process and Activities of Daily Living Independence in Pusher Behavior and Unilateral Spatial Neglect.

Objective: To investigate the recovery processes of pusher behavior (PB) and unilateral spatial neglect (USN) based on the severity of PB and USN, and to determine the relationship between activities of daily living (ADL) independence levels.

Design: This retrospective study aimed to examine the temporal changes and their association with ADL independence levels based on the severity of PB and USN.

Setting: Recovery ward of Moriyama Neurological Center Hospital between March 2017 and October 2022.

Cyanorhodopsin-II represents a yellow-absorbing proton-pumping rhodopsin clade within cyanobacteria.

Microbial rhodopsins are prevalent in many cyanobacterial groups as a light-energy-harvesting system in addition to the photosynthetic system. It has been suggested that this dual system allows efficient capture of sunlight energy using complementary ranges of absorption wavelengths. However, the diversity of cyanobacterial rhodopsins, particularly in accumulated metagenomic data, remains underexplored.

Transient pacing pulse on the T-wave: What is the mechanism?

A patient with a dual-chamber pacemaker for sick sinus syndrome was hospitalized for heart failure. The electrocardiography (ECG) during hospitalization displayed seemingly abnormal pacing artifacts. This report focuses on the problem-solving of an abnormal-looking paced ECG and identifies the pacemaker's operational behavior as the underlying reason.

The "Old yet New" Echocardiographic Finding for Constrictive Pericarditis Following Purulent Pericarditis: A Case Report.

Purulent pericarditis (PP) is a localized infection of the pericardial cavity with suppuration that can be life-threatening. Treatment for PP consists of pericardial drainage and antimicrobial therapy. Constrictive pericarditis (CP), a form of diastolic heart failure that arises because an inelastic thickened pericardium, is a possible related dreadful complication of PP.

Is Cholecystectomy Necessary after Choledocholithiasis Treatment for the Elderly or Patients with Many Comorbidities?

Introduction: We evaluated the prognosis after endoscopic treatment for choledocholithiasis, particularly in patients with borderline tolerance to surgery. Stone removal and cholecystectomy are generally recommended for patients with choledocholithiasis combined with gallstones to prevent recurrent biliary events. However, the prognosis after choledocholithiasis treatment in patients with borderline tolerance to surgery, such as the elderly or those with many comorbidities, remains controversial.

Unusual Vibrational Coupling of the Schiff Base in the Retinal Chromophore of Sodium Ion-Pumping Rhodopsins.

A Schiff base in the retinal chromophore of microbial rhodopsin is crucial to its ion transport mechanism. Here, we discovered an unprecedented isotope effect on the C═N stretching frequency of the Schiff base in sodium ion-pumping rhodopsins, showing an unusual interaction of the Schiff base. No amino acid residue attributable to the unprecedented isotope effect was identified, suggesting that the H-O-H bending vibration of a water molecule near the Schiff base was coupled with the C═N stretching vibration.

Mechanisms of speed-accuracy trade-off in tennis topspin forehand of college players.

This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the speed-accuracy relationship in a tennis topspin single-handed forehand groundstroke. Groundstrokes at three different speeds by nine college players were captured, with the variability of the ball landing position evaluated as indices of accuracy. Variabilities of ball launch variables (speed, launch angle, spin, etc.

Bidirectional Optical Control of Proton Motive Force in Using Microbial Rhodopsins.

Proton (H) motive force (PMF) serves as the energy source for the flagellar motor rotation, crucial for microbial motility. Here, to control PMF using light, we introduced light-driven inward and outward proton pump rhodopsins, XeR and AR3, into . The motility of cells expressing XeR and AR3 significantly decreased and increased upon illumination, respectively.

Effects of food restriction on toxicological parameters in juvenile rats.

To examine the effects of decreased food consumption on toxicological parameters in juvenile rats, rats on postnatal day 21 were fed 40%, 50% (only four weeks), and 60% less food, compared to that of controls for four or eight weeks, and clinical observations, measurement of body and organ weights, morphological differentiation analysis, clinical pathology, and macroscopic and microscopic examinations were conducted. The body weight decreased depending on the degree of food restriction (FR). Cleavage of the balano-preputial skinfold was delayed, and cell debris in the epididymal lumen was noted as a related finding after four-week FR.

Large-volume focus control at 10 MHz refresh rate via fast line-scanning amplitude-encoded scattering-assisted holography.

The capability of focus control has been central to optical technologies that require both high temporal and spatial resolutions. However, existing varifocal lens schemes are commonly limited to the response time on the microsecond timescale and share the fundamental trade-off between the response time and the tuning power. Here, we propose an ultrafast holographic focusing method enabled by translating the speed of a fast 1D beam scanner into the speed of the complex wavefront modulation of a relatively slow 2D spatial light modulator.

Does Early and Late Weight Bearing Have an Effect on the Results of Elderly Tibial Plateau Fractures with Internal Fixation?: A Multicenter (TRON Group) Study.

Introduction: There is still no consensus on the length of the non-bearing period required for tibial plateau fractures (TPFs) treated surgically. Several studies showed that full weight bearing immediately postoperatively does not affect fixation or cause joint collapse in patients with TPF. While there are concerns about weight bearing in the elderly due to fragile bone quality, their physical disability often makes it difficult to carry out activities of daily life when weight bearing is not allowed.

Preoperative difficulty assessment of interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstones.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard treatment for benign gallbladder disease. However, few studies have reported the difficulty of interval cholecystectomy after cholecystitis because early cholecystectomy is recommended for acute cholecystitis. In this study, we evaluated the difficulties associated with interval cholecystectomy for cholecystitis with gallstones.

QTL analysis of femaleness in monoecious spinach and fine mapping of a major QTL using an updated version of chromosome-scale pseudomolecules.

Although spinach is predominantly dioecious, monoecious plants with varying proportions of female and male flowers are also present. Recently, monoecious inbred lines with highly female and male conditions have been preferentially used as parents for F1-hybrids, rather than dioecious lines. Accordingly, identifying the loci for monoecism is an important issue for spinach breeding.

Pre-procedural Stratification by the Endothelial Function in Patients with Heart Failure Undergoing Atrial Fibrillation Ablation.

Background: Endothelial dysfunction (ED), a well-established risk marker of cardiovascular events, is associated with heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Its relationship with cardiovascular events in patients with HF undergoing AF ablation remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate the association between ED and the outcomes after AF ablation in patients with HF.

Clinical Outcomes of a Novel Unidirectional Porous β-Tricalcium Phosphate Filling in Distal Radius Fracture with Volar Locking Plate Fixation: Secondary Publication of the Japanese Version.

Postoperative loss of correction is a concern in cases of distal radius fracture with bone loss after surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) with unidirectional pore structure (Affinos: Kuraray Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) with internal fixation in patients with bone defects during the correction of distal radius fractures.

Implicature priming, salience, and context adaptation.

Recent experimental research has observed two kinds of priming effects on quantity implicatures. One is the Strong-Weak contrast, where more quantity implicatures are observed after prime trials forcing interpretations with quantity implicatures ('Strong primes') than after prime trials forcing interpretations without quantity implicatures ('Weak primes'). The other effect is the Alternative-Weak contrast, where prime trials mentioning alternative expressions ('Alternative primes') similarly lead to more quantity implicatures.