Long-term outcome of permanent epicardial pacemaker implantation in neonates: Experience from an Indian center.

Introduction: Permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) in neonates is challenging with respect to indications, device selection, implantation technique, and long-term outcomes. Complex anatomy, the need for long-term pacing with high rates, and a problematic postoperative period are the major problems.

Methods: We prospectively followed up 22 newborns who underwent PPI below 28 days of life at our institute.

Paediatric quality of life in toddlers and children who underwent arterial switch operation beyond early neonatal period.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of children who underwent the arterial switch operation (ASO) for Transposition of Great Arteries in our population and, specifically, to explore early modifiable factors and the influence of parental and socioeconomic factors on the QOL of these children.

Methods: Cross-sectional study using Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 3.0 Cardiac Module was carried out on 3- to 12-year-old children who had undergone ASO between the years 2012-2018.

Outcomes of repair of anomalous origin of pulmonary artery branch from aorta ascendens with autologous tissue: a rare condition revisited.

Background: Anomalous origin of pulmonary artery branch from ascending aorta (APA) in the presence of two separate semilunar valves is an uncommon entity necessitating early diagnosis and surgery to prevent development of irreversible pulmonary vascular disease. We evaluated our experience with the technique and outcome of 11 patients with this condition.

Methods: Between January 2000 and December 2019, 11 patients were diagnosed with APA.

Intermediate-term neurodevelopmental outcomes and quality of life after arterial switch operation beyond early neonatal period.

Objectives: The study objective was to evaluate the cardiac, neurodevelopmental, psycho-social and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes of children who underwent an arterial switch operation (ASO).

Methods: Children who underwent ASO were evaluated on follow-up at 3-5 years with cardiovascular, neurodevelopmental and HRQOL assessment using validated tools. Children with developmental delay, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, neuromotor and speech and language impairment were considered to have neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD).

Overdrive suppression of postoperative sustained ventricular tachycardia by atrial pacing and its hemodynamic effect.

Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the early postoperative period following intracardiac repair for tetralogy of Fallot is rare. In stable VT, amiodarone forms the mainstay of management. However, where amiodarone and other antiarrhythmic drugs are contraindicated, suppressive overdrive atrial pacing can be used as a safe and efficient alternative to maintain cardiac output.

Correction to: Midterm results of homografts in pulmonary position: a retrospective single-center study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s12055-020-01065-1.].

Midterm results of homografts in pulmonary position: a retrospective single-center study.

Objective: Valved conduits play a pivotal role in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), and valved homografts have become the most commonly used conduits in pediatric cardiac surgery. This study aimed to assess the midterm performance of aortic and pulmonary homografts used in pulmonary position in patients with CHD.

Methods: Ninety-eight patients underwent surgical RVOT reconstruction with a homograft from January 2012 to December 2017.

Intraoperative Three-dimensional Imaging of Ventricular Septal Defects in Children Using Epicardial Echocardiography: A Novel Approach.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and accuracy of intraoperative three-dimensional (3D) epicardial en face images of ventricular septal defects (VSD) in children using the 3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe as an epicardial probe.

Design: This was a prospective nonrandomized blinded observational study.

Setting: The study was conducted at a single tertiary cardiac care center.

Bi-ventricular repair of double outlet left ventricle: Experience and review of the literature.

Background: Double-outlet left ventricle (DOLV) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly. The aorta and the main pulmonary arterial trunk arises predominantly from the left ventricle and is associated with a malaligned ventricular septal defect, various degrees of hypoplasia of the right ventricle, and presence, or absence of pulmonary stenosis. Bi-ventricular repair is the preferred treatment option whenever possible.

Diagnosis of an Additional Ventricular Septal Defect by Observing Dark Blood in Aortic Root Vent: A Case Report.

Diagnosis and management of multiple ventricular septal defects still remain a challenging task. Although many new diagnostic modalities have been used for the perioperative diagnosis of ventricular septal defects, the discovery of residual or additional shunts in the postoperative period is not uncommon. We report a case where we observed an undiagnosed additional ventricular septal defect shunting deoxygenated dark blood into the aortic root vent during deairing of the heart, which was confirmed on transesophageal echocardiography and addressed with reinstitution of cardiopulmonary bypass.

Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect: Rare Presentation with Coronary-to-Pulmonary Artery Collaterals from Both Right and Left Coronaries.

Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and coronary-dependent pulmonary circulation arising from both major coronary arteries is rare. Dependence of pulmonary blood flow on the coronaries and the risk of early development of pulmonary vascular obstructive disease warrant early surgical repair in these patients. We report a case of a ten-month-old infant with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and coronary artery-to-main pulmonary artery connections who was successfully managed with ligation of the coronary fistulas and intracardiac repair.

Anomalous Left Coronary Artery From Pulmonary Artery in a Baby With Pulmonary Atresia, Intact Ventricular Septum.

A baby with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and hypoplastic right ventricle, with suspected right ventricle to coronary communications, was operated on for placing an aortopulmonary shunt. Postoperatively, the baby deteriorated with features of myocardial ischemia. Postmortem examination revealed anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery that caused significant coronary ischemia on ligation of the ductus arteriosus.

Intra-Atrial Y-Graft Fontan for Univentricular Heart With Discontinuous Pulmonary Arteries.

The Y-graft Fontan as described today suffers from the disadvantage of being hostage to restrictions imposed upon the design of the limbs of the Y by existent cardiac anatomy. We describe a patient with discontinuous pulmonary arteries following a prior Glenn shunt, who underwent Fontan completion using an intra-atrial Y-limb placement for recruitment of the discontinuous pulmonary artery. Intracardiac placement of the limb(s) of the Y-graft could potentially increase the applicability of this Fontan modification without being constrained by external cardiac anatomy.

Anatomical repair of congenitally corrected transposition in the fifth decade of life.

Successful repair of congenitally corrected transposition with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis presenting with heart failure in the fifth decade of life is described. This is the oldest patient to undergo this surgery, as per existing literature.

Hepatoazygos venous shunt for Fontan completion after Kawashima operation.

Fontan completion after prior Kawashima repair for single ventricle with interruption of the inferior vena cava can be accomplished by various methods. We describe a patient who underwent the connection of hepatic to hemiazygos vein that we believe would be superior to the conventional cavopulmonary connection in our patient.

Banding of Nonrestrictive Large Hypertensive Aortopulmonary Collaterals in Patients With Ventricular Septal Defect and Pulmonary Atresia Presenting in Suboptimal Condition.

Infants with pulmonary atresia and nonrestrictive ventricular septal defect with large hypertensive aortopulmonary collaterals demand early surgical intervention. This presentation in the extremely low-weight child or in the moribund septic child may preclude single-stage repair even if anatomically suited. We propose that such infants may be temporized by means of banding of individual aortopulmonary collaterals as a means of bridging to a second-stage complete repair.

Anteroposterior Pulmonary Venous Anatomy: A Hitherto Undescribed Pulmonary Venous Arrangement With Implication for the Senning Operation and a Proposed Method of Dealing With It.

We have encountered a hitherto undescribed anatomical variant of pulmonary vein anatomy in hearts with d-transposition or congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries. In this variant, the inferior right pulmonary vein lies posterior rather than inferior to the superior right pulmonary vein. This variant of pulmonary vein anatomy may predispose to the development of pulmonary venous pathway obstruction following a Senning operation, since it is difficult to open the pulmonary veins in a way that ensures a wide-open pulmonary venous pathway to the atrioventricular valve of the systemic ventricle.