SnoRNAs: Exploring Their Implication in Human Diseases.

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are earning increasing attention from research communities due to their critical role in the post-transcriptional modification of various RNAs. These snoRNAs, along with their associated proteins, are crucial in regulating the expression of a vast array of genes in different human diseases. Primarily, snoRNAs facilitate modifications such as 2'-O-methylation, N-4-acetylation, and pseudouridylation, which impact not only ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and their synthesis but also different RNAs.

Loss of tRNA methyltransferase 9 and DNA damage response genes in yeast confers sensitivity to aminoglycosides.

tRNA methyltransferase 9 (Trm9)-catalysed tRNA modifications have been shown to translationally enhance the DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae trm9Δ, distinct DNA repair and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) mutants are differentially sensitive to the aminoglycosides tobramycin, gentamicin and amikacin, indicating DDR and SAC activation might rely on translation fidelity, under aminoglycoside stress. Further, we report that the DNA damage induced by aminoglycosides in the base excision repair mutants ogg1Δ and apn1Δ is mediated by reactive oxygen species, which induce the DNA adduct 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine.

Betulinic acid mitigates oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and enhances longevity in the yeast model.

Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in certain plant species, has been reported to have several health benefits including antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. However, the mechanism by which BA confers these properties is currently unknown. , a budding yeast with a short life cycle and conserved cellular mechanism with high homology to humans, was used as a model for determining the role of BA in aging and programmed cell death (PCD).

Molecular characterization of three CYP450 genes reveals their role in withanolides formation and defense in Withania somnifera, the Indian Ginseng.

The medicinal properties of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) are attributed to triterpenoid steroidal lactones, withanolides, which are proposed to be derived from phytosterol pathway, through the action of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes. Here, we report the characterization of three transcriptome-mined CYP450 genes (WsCYP749B1, WsCYP76 and WsCYP71B10), which exhibited induced expression in response to methyl jasmonate treatment indicating their role in secondary metabolism. All three WsCYP450s had the highest expression in leaf compared to other tissues.

Oxidative stress alleviating potential of galactan exopolysaccharide from Weissella confusa KR780676 in yeast model system.

In the present study, galactan exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Weissella confusa KR780676 was evaluated for its potential to alleviate oxidative stress using in vitro assays and in vivo studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (wild type) and its antioxidant (sod1∆, sod2∆, tsa1∆, cta2∆ and ctt1∆), anti-apoptotic (pep4∆ and fis1∆) and anti-aging (sod2∆, tsa1∆ and ctt1∆)) isogenic gene deletion mutants. Galactan exhibited strong DPPH and nitric oxide scavenging activity with an IC value of 450 and 138 µg/mL respectively. In the yeast mutant model, oxidative stress generated by HO was extensively scavenged by galactan in the medium as confirmed using spot assays followed by fluorescencent DCF-DA staining and microscopic studies.

Repositioning antispasmodic drug Papaverine for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia.

Background: Papaverine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid from the plant Papaver somniferum (Opium poppy). It is approved as an antispasmodic drug by the US FDA and is also reported to have anti-cancer properties. Here, Papaverine's activity in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is explored using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mammalian cancer cell lines, and in silico studies.

Astaxanthin protects oxidative stress mediated DNA damage and enhances longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been found to play an important role in oxidative mediated DNA damage. Fortunately, cells possess an antioxidant system that can neutralize ROS. However, oxidative stress occurs when antioxidants are overwhelmed by ROS or impaired antioxidant pathways.

Magnolol protects Saccharomyces cerevisiae antioxidant-deficient mutants from oxidative stress and extends yeast chronological life span.

We investigated the protective effect of a natural polyphenol, magnolol, on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells under oxidative stress, and during aging. Our results showed the sensitivity of S. cerevisiae antioxidant gene deficient mutants (sod1∆, sod2∆, cta1∆, ctt1∆, gtt2∆ and tsa1∆) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and menadione stress was rescued by magnolol as demonstrated in spot and colony forming unit counts.

Astaxanthin supplementation reduces dichlorvos-induced cytotoxicity in .

This study evaluates the protective effect of astaxanthin against dichlorvos cytotoxicity in yeast . Dichlorvos induce a dose-dependent cytotoxicity in yeast cells, which is mediated by oxidative stress. Our experimental results showed pre-treatment with astaxanthin enhances cell viability by 20-30% in yeast cells exposed to dichlorvos.

Expression, purification, and characterization of pyruvate kinase from : A key allosteric regulatory enzyme.

Background: The current research aims to isolate pyruvate kinase (Pyk) gene from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and expression of the gene (Rv1617) to obtain a purified enzyme. The enzyme activity and secondary structural features were assessed through biochemical assays and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, respectively.

Methods: The Pyk-encoding gene from the complete genome of M.

Evaluation of in vivo antioxidant potential of (L.) Alston and Roxb. towards oxidative stress response in .

Excessive production and restricted elimination of free radicals like superoxide, hydroxyl radical (OH), anion radical (O ), and non-radical hydrogen peroxide (HO) are related to the development of cancer, arteriosclerosis, arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases. According to a report of World Health Organisation, about 80% of the population living in the developing countries predominantly depends on the traditional medicine for their primary healthcare. Plants possess innate ability to synthesize a wide variety of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants capable of attenuating ROS-induced oxidative damage.

Astaxanthin enhances the longevity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis.

The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is an efficient model for studying oxidative stress, programmed cell death and aging. The present study was carried out to investigate antioxidant, the anti-apoptotic and anti-aging activity of a natural compound, astaxanthin, in S. cerevisiae model.

Determination of antioxidant potential of Acacia nilotica leaf extract in oxidative stress response system of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Background: From ancient times, plants and plant-derived products have been used as folkloric medicines for a variety of health disorders owing to their tremendous therapeutic potential. The present study aimed to determine the antioxidant efficacy of crude Acacia nilotica extract in the oxidative stress response system of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism.

Results: Acacia nilotica showed significant antioxidant activity, with IC values of 75.