Atypical Dengue Outbreak in Odisha: Insights from the Entomological Investigations.

An outbreak of dengue fever struck Tikarapada village, Rayagada district (April 2020). Among 117 fever cases, 49 tested positive for the dengue NS1 antigen. To identify mosquito-related factors in the outbreak, a survey of 101 houses found Aedes breeding sites in 11.

Analysis of entomological indices for transmission of Japanese encephalitis in Malkangiri district, Odisha State, east central India during 2015-2019.

There have been repeated episodes of the outbreak of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Malkangiri district of Odisha State in the recent past. In the current study, we aimed to assess the entomological parameters of JE vectors in the district. Prevalence of JE vector species, their per man hour density (PMHD), dusk index (DI), human blood index (HBI), infection status and other factors responsible for transmission of JE were assessed over 5 years (2015-2019).

Current status of malaria elimination in Koraput district of Odisha, India.

Background & Objectives: After launching of NFME and NSP with wide scale implementation of effective intervention tools during 2017, Odisha State of India observed a drastic reduction of malaria cases (81%) in 2018 and 88.6% in 2019, compared to 2017. The current study analysed the different factors causative for malaria reduction in Koraput district of Odisha State, India.

Efficacy evaluation of Veeralin LN, a PBO-incorporated alpha-cypermethrin long-lasting insecticidal net against Anopheles culicifacies in experimental huts in Odisha State.

Background: The success of malaria control using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is threatened by pyrethroid resistance developed by the malaria vectors, worldwide. To combat the resistance, synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) incorporated LLINs is one of the available options. In the current phase II hut trial, the efficacy of VeeralinLN (an alpha-cypermethrin and PBO-incorporated net) was evaluated against Anopheles culicifacies, a pyrethroid resistant malaria vector.

Evaluation of bio-efficacy and durability of long-lasting insecticidal nets distributed by malaria elimination programme in Eastern India.

Background: Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are the most favoured vector control tools worldwide. Timely monitoring and evaluation of LLINs is important to sustain the impact of this promising vector control method and for replacement of worn-out and those rendered ineffective. During the mid-2017, LLINs were distributed by the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) in high malaria endemic districts of the eastern coastal state of Odisha.

Intensity of pyrethroid resistance in . (Diptera: Culicidae) in Odisha State, India.

. is the principal malaria vector in India and has recently developed resistance to synthetic pyrethroids. For identifying the possible operational impact, quantitative measure of the intensity of this resistance is required.

Evaluation of DawaPlus 3.0 and DawaPlus 4.0, deltamethrin-PBO combination nets against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles culicifacies in experimental huts in India.

Background: The development of resistance in vectors is one of the major impediments for malaria control. Adding synergists to insecticides has proven to be an alternative choice for controlling resistant mosquitoes. DawaPlus 3.

Entomological factors in relation to the occurrence of Japanese encephalitis in Malkangiri district, Odisha State, India.

Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne arbo-viral disease with seasonal occurrence. Since 2009, AES/JE cases have been reported from Malkangiri district of Odisha State, India at an interval of one year.In the current study, the entomological parameters of known JE vector mosquito species were assessed for one year in Malkangiri district.

Comparative efficacy of two rounds of indoor residual spraying of DDT 75% @ 1g/m with that of DDT 50% @ 1g/m against the malaria vectors in India.

While, dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) water dispersible powder (WDP) 75% is considered as the high performance long lasting formulation for indoor residual spraying (IRS), no information is available regarding the comparative epidemiological effectiveness of the two DDT formulations when used for IRS in Indian conditions. The current study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of IRS using DDT WDP 75% @ one g active ingredient (AI)/m with that using DDT WDP 50% @ one g AI/m in controlling Anopheles fluviatilis and An. culicifacies, the primary vectors of malaria in the selected endemic areas of Odisha State.

Evaluation of MAGNet, a long-lasting insecticidal mosquito net against Anopheles fluviatilis in experimental huts in India.

Background: MAGNet LN is a wash resistant long-lasting insecticidal (polyethylene) net (LLIN) in which the alpha-cypermethrin insecticide is incorporated within the 150 denier high density polyethylene monofilaments of the nets. The bio-efficacy of MAGNet LN was reported to be high even after 25 washes. The LN met the WHO criteria of Phase I evaluation and obtained recommendation from the World Health Organization Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) for Phase II trial.

Bio-efficacy of LifeNet, a deltamethrin incorporated long-lasting insecticidal net, as assessed in experimental huts against Anopheles fluviatilis, a major malaria vector in east-central India.

LifeNet, a deltamethrin incorporated long-lasting insecticidal (polypropylene) net (LLIN), was qualified by the World Health Organization Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) for Phase-II trial in India. The purpose of this trial was to assess the bio-efficacy of unwashed and 20 and 30 times washed LifeNet in comparison to the nets conventionally treated with deltamethrin against the natural population of Anopheles fluviatilis, a major malaria vector, in terms of deterring hut entry, inhibiting blood feeding, inducing exophily and causing mortality. The trial was carried out in six experimental huts constructed at Kandhaguda village in Malkangiri district, Odisha State.

Entomological investigation of Japanese encephalitis outbreak in Malkangiri district of Odisha state, India.

Background: A severe outbreak of Japanese encephalitis (JE) and acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) with high case fatality was reported from Malkangiri district of Odisha state, India during September to November 2016 affecting 336 children with 103 deaths.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the outbreak in the light of entomological determinants.

Methods: Entomological investigation was carried out in 48 villages from four mostly affected Community Health Centres (CHCs) of Malkangiri district.

Bio-efficacy, physical integrity, community usage and washing practices of mosquito nets treated with ICON MAXX long-lasting insecticidal treatment in India.

Background: New brands of potential long lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) and LLIN treatment kits require field evaluation before they are used in a vector control programme.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bio-efficacy, usage, washing practice and physical integrity of nets treated with LLIN treatment kit, ICON MAXX in a phase III field trial in Odisha state, India.

Methods: A total of 300 polyester nets treated with ICON MAXX and 140 polyester nets treated conventionally with lambda-cyhalothrin CS 2.

An experimental hut evaluation of Olyset Plus, a long-lasting insecticidal net treated with a mixture of permethrin and piperonyl butoxide, against Anopheles fluviatilis in Odisha State, India.

Background: Fast development of pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors prompted the development of new vector control tools including combination of insecticides with different modes of action as part of resistance management strategies. Olyset Plus® is a new long-lasting insecticidal net, in which, permethrin and a synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), are incorporated into filaments. Mixture nets such as this may have application against resistant mosquitoes, particularly those whose resistance is based on oxidative metabolism.

Persistent foci of falciparum malaria among tribes over two decades in Koraput district of Odisha State, India.

Background: Koraput, a predominantly tribe-inhabited and one of the highly endemic districts of Odisha State that contributes a substantial number of malaria cases to the India's total. Control of malaria in such districts would contribute to change the national scenario on malaria situation. Hence, a study was carried out to measure the magnitude of malaria prevalence in the district to strengthen the malaria control activities.

Preliminary study on susceptibility status of Anopheles minimus Theobald and An. fluviatilis James (Diptera: Culicidae) to DDT and deltamethrin in Keonjhar district of Odisha, India.

This study was carried out to determine the susceptibility levels of An. fluviatilis and An. minimus to DDT (4%) and deltamethrin (0.

Bionomics of Anopheles minimus and An. fluviatilis (Diptera: Culicidae) in east-central India, endemic for falciparum malaria: human landing rates, host feeding, and parity.

The host feeding of Anopheles minimus Theobald and An. fluviatilis James was studied in the villages of east-central India by conducting human landing collections between 1800 and 0600 hours at monthly intervals from May 2006 to July 2007. Four species of anopheline mosquitoes, An.