Effects of prolonged oxytetracycline supplementation on freshwater stinging catfish (): a multi-biomarker approach.

Background: Aquaculture systems that sporadically depend on antibiotics can contribute to the development of adverse effects on the fish, microbial flora and the environment. This study sought to investigate the impacts of extended oxytetracycline supplementation on the freshwater stinging catfish through a multi-biomarker approach.

Methods: A total of 300 (20 ± 0.

Molecular cloning, GTP recognition mechanism and tissue-specific expression profiling of myxovirus resistance (Mx) protein in Labeo rohita (Hamilton) after Poly I:C induction.

The myxovirus resistance (Mx) proteins belong to interferon-induced dynamin GTPase and play pivotal role in the inhibition of replication of numerous viruses. These antiviral proteins are released in usual or diseased condition to prevent the viral attack and to carry regular cellular activities like endocytosis and trafficking of nucleoproteins into the nucleus. The invasion of virus up-regulates the expression of Mx transcripts and double-stranded RNA mimic like polyinosinic polycytidyilic acid (Poly I:C).

Contrecoup Extradural Hematoma with Coronal Suture Diastasis.

Extradural hematoma (EDH) generally occurs in the site of impact, that is, coup injury site. EDH is associated with fracture of skull in many a times due to direct impact. However, EDH in counter coup site is a rare occurrence.

Extensive intracranial calcification of pseudo-TORCH syndrome with features of Dandy-Walker malformation.

Pseudo-TORCH syndrome or congenital infection-like syndrome is a group of conditions which resemble congenital infections such as those caused by toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes (TORCH) group of organisms, clinico-radiologically, but serological tests are negative for the organisms. One of the variety shows features such as microcephaly, extensive intracranial calcification showing gross resemblance to congenital CMV infection, making its other name as microcephaly intracranial calcification syndrome (MICS). Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM), in addition to posterior fossa large cyst, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, and hydrocephalus is often associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum and callosal lipomas, dysplasia of the brainstem, and cerebellar hypoplasia or dysgenesis.

Transorbital penetrating brain injury by a wooden stick: A neuro-ophthalmologic emergency.

Accidental penetrating brain injury through transorbital route is an unusual occurrence in emergency practice of civilian cases. At time, it could be potentially life threatening. We report an interesting case of transorbital penetrating brain injury with a wooden stick in a 44-year-old male epileptic patient.

Development of contralateral extradural hematomas after evacuation of primary one.

The occurrence of bilateral extradural hematomas (EDH) is an uncommon consequence of closed head injuries. Incidence of bilateral EDH has been reported in various studies ranging from 2 to 25%. Bilateral EDH may develop simultaneously or second EDH develops few hours after first one.

Intracerebellar haemorrage in a haemophilia child.

Hemophilia A is an inherited, X-linked, recessive disorder caused by deficiency of clotting factor VIII. Intracranial hemorrhage is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Use of factor replacement products and medications had improved outcome in these patients.

Spectrum and outcome of traumatic brain injury in children <15 years: A tertiary level experience in India.

Background: Though, traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been documented as the single most common cause of morbidity and mortality in infancy and childhood, the exact incidence is unavailable in India. Moreover, modes of injury, mechanisms of damage, and management differ significantly from that of an adult.

Aims And Objectives: To analyze the epidemiological factors, the spectrum of TBI, modes of injury, types of injury, and the outcome in the children <15 years with TBI.

Congenital Malrotation of the Atlas with Unilateral Hypertrophy of the Atlanto-occipital Joint-A Rare Anomaly of the Craniovertebral Junction and Its Management.

Background: Congenital anomalies are commonly encountered in the craniovertebral junction because of its unique embryologic development. The craniovertebral junction usually comprises the occiput, atlas, and axis. However, malrotation of the atlas (C1) in between the occiput (C0) and axis (C2) with Chiari I malformation as well as unilateral hypertrophy of the atlanto-occipital joint and a lateral mass manifesting features of high cervical myelopathy is a rarely reported anomaly.

Intradural Spinal Arachnoid Cyst: A Long-Term Postlaminectomy Complication: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Spinal arachnoid cysts are a rare cause of spinal cord compression. Intradural arachnoid cysts are rarer than extradural arachnoid cysts. Spinal arachnoid cysts are mostly congenital in origin.

Isolated thoracic (D5) intramedullary epidermoid cyst without spinal dysraphism: A rare case report.

Spinal epidermoid cyst, congenital or acquired, is mainly congenital associated with spinal dysraphism, rarely in isolation. Intramedullary epidermoid cysts (IECs) are rare with less than 60 cases reported so far; isolated variety (i.e.

Supratentorial extradural hematoma in children: An institutional clinical experience of 65 cases.

Aim And Objective: To survey the epidemiology, management, and severity of extradural hematoma (EDH) in children.

Materials And Methods: All patients of EDH (n = 65) in the age group of 0-16 years admitted to our department during the period of August 13 and July 14 were analyzed retrospectively from the hospital records. In all patients, age, sex, mode of injury, clinical presentation, site of EDH, management, duration of hospitalization, and outcome were evaluated.

Spinal cord compression due to primary intramedullary tuberculoma of the spinal cord presenting as paraplegia: A case report and literature review.

Background: Spinal cord compression can be due to various causes but spinal intramedullary tuberculoma is a rare cause. We report a case that had an intramedullary spinal cord tuberculomas in which the diagnosis was made histologically, without evidence of symptoms of systemic tuberculosis. This lesion, located in the thoracic region, mimicked as an intramedullary tumor radiologically.

Management of superior sagittal sinus injury encountered in traumatic head injury patients: Analysis of 15 cases.

Background: Significant dural sinus injury occurs in 1.5- 5% of all head injuries and injury to superior sagittal sinus accounts for 70-80% of these. Its management is also a challenging issue to every neurosurgeon.

Penetrating Marjolin's ulcer of scalp with intracranial extension: A multidisciplinary experience.

Marjolin's ulcer invading the skull, dura mater, and the brain is quite exceptional. We report such a rare case of massive Marjolin's ulcer arising in the chronic scar tissue of the scalp of an elderly male. The ulcer had invaded the skull, dura mater, and underlying brain tissue.

Giant aneurysmal bone cyst of cervical spine: Surgical management and circumferential spinal fusion in a 13-year-old girl.

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) of the cervical spine are rare occurrences accounting for about 2% of all cases. Having a propensity to develop in the pediatric population, it generally involves the posterior elements with occasional extension to the facets and body of one vertebral level. Surgical treatment of high cervical ABC in pediatric patients is challenging.

Shunt site chronic calcified extradural hematoma: An avoidable complication.

Extradural hematoma (EDH) after ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt procedure is a rare, dangerous but easily avoidable and manageable complication. It is more common in children and young adults presumably due to relatively lax adhesion of dura to calvarium. We report a case of an 18-year-old male with acqueductal stenosis who underwent VP shunt procedure.

Large vertex meningoencephalocele with schizencephaly: An interesting case with neurosurgical challenge.

An encephalocele is a developmental disorder of neural tube closure, where as schizencephaly is a developmental disorder of neuronal migration. There are only few case reports suggesting association of schizencephaly with meningoencephalocele. We report a case of 6-year-old child who was brought by her parent with complaints of progressive swelling over her vertex since birth, left sided hemiparesis and intermittent generalized tonic clonic convulsion for last 3 years.

Cerebellar giant cell glioblastoma multiforme in an adult.

Cerebellar glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a rare tumor that accounts for only 1% of all cases of GBM and its giant cell variant is even much rarely encountered in adults. A case of cerebellar giant cell GBM managed at our institution reporting its clinical presentation, radiological and histological findings, and treatment instituted is described. In conjunction, a literature review, including particular issues, clinical data, advances in imaging studies, pathological characteristics, treatment options, and the behavior of such malignant tumor is presented.

Intrinsic brainstem white epidermoid cyst: An unusual case report.

Epidermoid cysts involving the brainstem are extremely rare, with only 18 reported cases in the literature and only five purely intrinsic epidermoid cysts within this group. "White epidermoids", a rare entity, have high protein content and show reversed signal intensity on magnetic resonance images. In contrast to the classical variety, these cysts show high signal intensity on T1-weighted images and low signal intensity on T2-weighted images.

Thoracic congenital dermal sinus associated with intramedullary spinal dermoid cyst.

Dorsal dermal sinus is a rare, congenital lesion found most frequently in the lumbosacral followed by the occipital regions. It is rarely localized at the thoracic level. We report a rare case of thoracic congenital dermal sinus (CDS) associated with an intramedullary dermoid cyst in a 2-year-old male child, who presented with a 3 month history of motor weakness of both the lower extremities.