A tip-coupled, two-cantilever, non-resonant microsystem for direct measurement of liquid viscosity.

We report a non-resonant piezoelectric microelectromechanical cantilever system for the measurement of liquid viscosity. The system consists of two PiezoMEMS cantilevers in-line, with their free ends facing each other. The system is immersed in the fluid under test for viscosity measurement.

A review on status of incarcerated prisoners with an unsound mind and need for remedies to protect their constitutional rights.

There is limited research in India focusing on the criminal justice system issues involving a special category of victims and accused suffering from unsoundness of mind. According to the Mental Health Care Act, 2017, they need immediate mental health services, as denial of the same is a violation of their fundamental right. Despite several advancements, people with unsound mind serving their sentences in the prisons constitute a major lot of the total prison population in India, despite the fact that they are the most helpless targets of human rights violations.

A Photoacoustic Imaging Device Using Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers (PMUTs).

A linear piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer (PMUT) array was fabricated and integrated into a device for photoacoustic imaging (PAI) of tissue phantoms. The PMUT contained 65 array elements, with each element having 60 diaphragms of [Formula: see text] diameter and [Formula: see text] pitch. A lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film was used as the piezoelectric layer.

Evaluation of High Frequency Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers for Photoacoustic Imaging.

In this work, the design, fabrication, and characterization of piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer (PMUT) arrays for photoacoustic imaging applications are reported. An 80-element linear PMUT array with each element having 53 PMUT cells of 125 μm cell diameter were fabricated using 650 nm thick lead zirconate titanate (PZT) as the active piezoelectric layer. The PMUTs are designed to operate at ~10 MHz resonant frequency.

Thin Film PZT-Based PMUT Arrays for Deterministic Particle Manipulation.

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs) for particle manipulation applications were designed, fabricated, characterized, and tested. The PMUTs had a diaphragm diameter of 60 [Formula: see text], a resonant frequency of ~8 MHz, and an operational bandwidth (BW) of 62.5%.

Impact of cypermethrin on fingerlings of common edible carp (Labeo rohita).

Laboratory evaluations were made to assess the toxicological and biochemical effect of cypermethrin on fingerlings of common edible freshwater culture carp (Labeo rohita). There was a significant negative (P < 0.05) correlation observed between effective doses of cypermethrin and exposure periods; that is, LC₅₀ values decreased from 0.

Effect of cycloart-24-en-3beta-ol from Euphorbia royleana latex on neuroenzyme AChE and oxidative metabolism of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus.

Cycloart-24-en-3beta-ol isolated from Euphorbia royleana latex possesses potent piscicidal activity against freshwater predatory fish Channa punctatus. Their short as well as long-term exposure causes significant (P<0.05) time and dose-dependent reversible alteration in the oxidative metabolism of the fish Channa punctatus Cycloart-24-en-3beta-ol also shifts fish respiratory pathway, inhibits energy production and AChE activity reversibly may be advantageous for their use as environmentally safe piscicide for controlling the predatory fish C.

Biochemical stress response in freshwater fish Channa punctatus induced by aqueous extracts of Euphorbia tirucalli plant.

Piscicidal activities of aqueous extracts of Euphorbia tirucalli were very well established, but their ultimate mode of action on fish metabolism was not yet known. Exposure of fishes over 24h or 96h to sub-lethal doses (40% and 80% of LC(50)) of aqueous extract of E. tirucalli stem-bark and latex, significantly (P<0.

Alterations in carbohydrates and the protein metabolism of the harmful freshwater vector snail Lymnaea acuminata induced by the Euphorbia tirucalli latex extract.

To know the short- as well as long-term effect of aqueous latex extracts of Euphorbia tirucalli on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, the snail Lymnaea acuminata was exposed to sublethal doses of 0.37 and 0.55 mg/L for a 24-h and 0.

Toxic effect of stem bark and leaf of Euphorbia hirta plant against freshwater vector snail Lymnaea acuminata.

The aqueous stem bark and leaf extracts of plant Euphorbia hirta (family-Euphorbiaceae) have potent molluscicidal activity. Sub-lethal doses (40% and 80% of LC50) of aqueous stem bark and leaf extracts of this plant also significantly (P<0.05) alter the levels of total protein, total free amino acid, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and the activity of enzyme protease and acid and alkaline phosphatase in various tissues of the vector snail Lymnaea acuminata in time and dose dependent manner.

Toxicological effect and biochemical alterations induced by different fractions of Euphorbia royleana latex in freshwater harmful vector snail Lymnaea acuminata.

Laboratory evaluation was made to assess the molluscicidal activity of different fractions of Euphorbia royleana (Family- Euphorbiaceae) latex obtained through sephadex gel column against freshwater snail Lymnaea (Radix) acuminata Lamarack. This snail is the vector of liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus and Fasciola gigantica Cobbold, which causes endemic fascioliasis in cattle and livestock. The toxic effect of the different fractions was time dependent and fifth fraction obtained through benzene: ethyl acetate (5:5) had maximum molluscicidal activity against Lymnaea acuminata.

Piscicidal and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of Euphorbia royleana stem bark extracts against freshwater common predatory fish Channa punctatus.

The present paper deals with the piscicidal activity of different solvent extracts of Euphorbia royleana stem bark against freshwater predatory fish Channa punctatus, which is commonly present in shrimp and carp culture ponds. The rank of order of toxicity of different solvent extract was: diethyl ether (LC(50) (96h) 31.76mg DW/L) > chloroform (LC(50) (96h) 56.

Toxic and sub-lethal effects of oleandrin on biochemical parameters of fresh water air breathing murrel, Channa punctatus (Bloch.).

Active compound oleandrin extracted from Nerium indicum (Lal Kaner) leaf has potent piscicidal activity. The piscicidal activity of oleandrin on freshwater fish C. punctatus was both time and dose dependent.

Control of common freshwater predatory fish, Channa punctatus, through Nerium indicum leaf extracts.

The diethyl ether, chloroform, acetone and methanol extract of Nerium indicum leaf were evaluated for their piscicidal activity against common freshwater air breathing predatory fish Channa punctatus. The rank of order of toxicity (LC50) of the leaf extract was, diethyl ether extract (17.34 mg/l)>acetone (40.