Determinants of delay in initiating post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies prevention among animal bite cases: hospital based study.

Background: India is highly endemic for rabies. Although fatal, rabies is a preventable disease. Several factors interfere with the timely utilization of post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in the population.

Accessory mental nerve: a case report.

The presence of an Accessory Mental Nerve (AMN) is rare. The mental foramen is an important landmark in the mandible for administration of local anaesthesia and mental nerve identification and its preservation is of paramount importance in various surgical procedures. This article presents a case of an incidental finding of accessory mental nerves during open reduction and fixation of a compound fracture of left body of mandible.

Comparison of Radicular Peroxide Leakage from four Commonly used Bleaching agents following Intracoronal Bleaching in Endodontically treated teeth - An In Vitro Study.

Background: Non vital bleaching is simple, conservative procedure for esthetic correction of discolored endodontically treated teeth. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the amount of peroxide leakage from four different bleaching agents i.e superoxol, sodium perborate, combination of superoxol & sodium perborate and carbamide peroxide during intracoronal bleaching, as the safe and effective bleaching is the need of the hour.

C Spine Fracture on OPG.

Maxillofacial injuries are common and they occur in a variety of situations. All patients who undergo maxillofacial or head trauma, are presumed to sustain cervical spine injuries. Identification of cervical spine injuries is essential in management of trauma, because a missed injury can result in a catastrophic spinal cord injury.

The Prevalence of Depression among the Rural Elderly in Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh.

Unlabelled: It has been documented that the elderly are more prone to psychological problems and depression is the commonest of the geriatric psychiatric disorders. In fact, the elderly in India face a multitude of psychological, social, and physical health problems. There is a dearth of community studies in India, which have investigated geriatric depression and its associated risk factors.

Sub-dural hematoma following spinal anesthesia treated with epidural blood patch and burr-hole evacuation: a case report.

The appearance of a subdural hematoma (SDH) following spinal anesthesia is a serious and rare complication which mandates prompt diagnosis, although the treatment modalities are not well codified. Patients with post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) non-responsive to conservative measures and/or those patients with a change of the character of the headache should be considered seriously. In symptomatic patients, evacuation of SDH is essential but epidural blood patch should be strongly considered as it can prevent reappearance of SDH by sealing the dural defect.

The role of colour Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of fascial space infections - a cross sectional study.

Aims And Objectives: (1) To evaluate the role of ultrasonography with colour Doppler in the diagnosis of fascial space infections, (2) To determine the nature, size and extent of the odontogenic infections which involve the primary and secondary fascial spaces of the maxilla and the mandible (3) To evaluate the sensitivity of ultrasonography in determining whether the inflammatory process is in a stage of cellulitis or abscess and to thus determine the appropriate time for a surgical intervention during the course of the infection and to correlate the clinical and radiographic findings with the ultrasonographic findings and (4) to determine the treatment plan.

Methodology: Thirty four patients with odontogenic infections which involved the superficial and the deep fascial spaces of the head and neck were subjected to ultrasonographic examinations over the suspected area in the transverse and axial directions to determine the stage of the infection, its anatomic location and the treatment plan.

Results: Ultrasonography showed 95.

Phenotypic study of virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from antenatal cases, catheterized patients, and faecal flora.

Introduction And Objective: The bacterial strains that cause symptomatic urinary tract infections possess diverse distinctive properties that enable them to overcome the local host defenses. In Escherichia coli, virulence results from the cumulative impact of several virulence factors, which can vary according to the patient populations. Hence, a study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of the virulence factors in the E.

Pharmacovigilance of the cutaneous drug reactions in outpatients of dermatology department at a tertiary care hospital.

Objective: To study the various clinical patterns, causality, severity, and preventability of cutaneous drug reactions among the out patients of the Dermatology Department in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: One hundred eighty one patients with suspected drug allergy were screened and 59 patients with Cutaneous Drug Reactions (CDRs) were recruited for this observational study which was conducted among the outpatients in the Department of Dermatology from June to December 2011. The history of drug intake, the morphology of the cutaneous reactions and their causality, severity and preventability were analyzed.

Assessment of the cognitive status in diabetes mellitus.

Background And Objectives: Diabetes is considered as an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. In this study, we assessed the cognitive status of diabetics and non diabetics by the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and the Modified Mini Mental Status Examination (3MS) and also found a correlation of age, sex, the duration of diabetes and HbA1C with the cognitive status among the diabetics.

Materials And Methods: Thirty males and females above the age of 50 years, with and without diabetes, were included in the study.

Simultaneous determination of moxifloxacin and cefixime by first and ratio first derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry.

Background: The new combination of moxifloxacin HCl and cefixime trihydrate is approved for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in adults. At initial formulation development and screening stage a fast and reliable method for the dissolution and release testing of moxifloxacin and cefixime were highly desirable. The zero order overlaid UV spectra of moxifloxacin and cefixime showed >90% overlapping.

HSPIR: a manually annotated heat shock protein information resource.

Summary: Heat shock protein information resource (HSPIR) is a concerted database of six major heat shock proteins (HSPs), namely, Hsp70, Hsp40, Hsp60, Hsp90, Hsp100 and small HSP. The HSPs are essential for the survival of all living organisms, as they protect the conformations of proteins on exposure to various stress conditions. They are a highly conserved group of proteins involved in diverse physiological functions, including de novo folding, disaggregation and protein trafficking.

Primary tubercular psoas abscess: a rare presentation.

Primary tubercular psoas abscess is a rare clinical entity and has seldom been reported in an otherwise healthy person. Here we report an interesting case of primary tubercular psoas abscess in an immunocompetent male with no other traceable source.

Hematometra and acute abdomen.

We report a case of a young woman who presented as acute abdomen due to hematometra resulting from cervical fibroid. This uncommon cause of acute abdominal pain should be considered in women especially with amenorrhea.

A comparative study of intra canal stress pattern in endodontically treated teeth with average sized canal diameter and reinforced wide canals with three different post systems using finite element analysis.

Study Methodology: THIS IS A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INTRA CANAL STRESS PATTERNS IN ENDODONTICALLY TREATED MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISOR WITH: average sized canal diameter and wide canals reinforced with three different post systems - cast post and core, carbon fiber post, stainless steel post; restored with ceramic crown using finite element analysis (FEA). All the models were subjected to a force of 100N applied at 450 to the long axis of the tooth at the middle third of the palatal surface of the restored ceramic crown.

Results: The FEA revealed that all the post systems showed maximum stress in the coronal and middle third of the root.

Evaluation of cardioprotective activity of Ginkgo biloba and Ocimum sanctum in rodents.

This study investigates the cardioprotective activity of a combined treatment of Ginkgo biloba phytosomes (GBP) and Ocimum sanctum extract (Os) in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Significant myocardial necrosis, depletion of the endogenous antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione (GSH), and increases in the serum marker enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were observed in ISO-treated rats compared with normal rats. Co-administration of GBP (100 mg per kg) with Os at two doses (50 and 75 mg per kg) for 30 days to rats treated with ISO (85 mg per kg, sc) on the 29th and 30th days demonstrated a significant decrease in ISO-induced serum marker enzyme elevations and a significant attenuation of the ISO-elevated myocardial lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA).

Neurosteroids modulate compulsive and persistent behavior in rodents: implications for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Neurosteroids are reported to modulate GABAergic and glutamatergic pathways that then influence serotonin and dopamine, the neurotransmitters implicated in pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor clinically used in OCD is reported to increase the levels of neurosteroids like allopregnanolone, whereas OCD patients exhibit higher plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulphate (DHEAS), a neuroactive steroid having opposite effects to that of allopregnanolone. Hence, it was contemplated that neurosteroids may influence obsessive-compulsive behavior.

Nonsurgical endodontic treatment of type II dens invaginatus.

The endodontic treatment of teeth with dens invaginatus, characterized by an infolding of enamel and dentin, extending deep into the pulp cavity near the root apex, may be complicated and challenging. The complexity of the internal anatomy may create challenges for the complete removal of diseased pulpal tissue and the subsequent sealing of the canal system. Because of the bizarre root canal anatomy and widely open apex, a combination of nonsurgical and surgical endodontic treatment or extraction is the most common choice of therapy.

Finite element analysis of stress concentration in Class V restorations of four groups of restorative materials in mandibular premolar.

Aim: To study the concentration of stress in class V restoration of four different restorative materials subjected to occlusal load of 100N, 150N, 200N, 250N and to analyse the obtained data with the listed properties of the restorative material.

Materials And Methods: Using FEM analysis the stresses generated in a class V lesion in a mandibular premolar was studied.

Results: Within the framework of the aforementioned views, and from the results of the study it can be concluded that microfilled composite is the most suitable restorative material followed by flowable composite, glass ionomer cement and resin modified glass ionomer cement.

Unruptured ovarian pregnancy following in-vitro fertilization: Missed diagnosis followed by successful laparoscopic management.

Ovarian pregnancy after in-vitro fertilization is rare and can be easily missed unless there is a high index of suspicion. Here we present such a case which was missed initially but was later successfully managed laparoscopically.

Pneumatic displacement of submacular hemorrhage: safety, efficacy, and patient selection.

Purpose: To investigate the safety and efficacy of pneumatic displacement of submacular hemorrhage without the use of intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).

Methods: In a prospective, consecutive, single-center, noncomparative, interventional case series, 20 consecutive patients with submacular hemorrhage due to various etiologies (duration, 1-30 days; visual acuity, hand movements to 20/125) were treated with intravitreal perfluoropropane gas injection followed by prone positioning for 5 days to 7 days. Patients were observed 1 day, 7 days, 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after the procedure.

Monoaminergic neuronal development is not affected in PACAP-gene-deficient mice.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been implicated in several physiological functions. Several lines of evidence from in vitro studies have shown that PACAP plays some important roles in development of nervous system such as neural proliferation and differentiation. Recently, mice lacking PACAP have been reported to show a higher mortality shortly after birth, impaired thermal adaptation, and altered psychomotor behaviors.

High dose rate intraluminal brachytherapy in combination with external beam radiotherapy for palliative treatment of cancer rectum.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and toxicity of High Dose Rate Intraluminal Brachytherapy (HDRILB) in combination with External Beam Radiotherapy (EBR) used in the palliative treatment of selected patients of adenocarcinoma rectum.

Design: A prospective pilot study.

Place And Duration Of Study: The study was conducted at the Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar.