Time series analysis of Sentinel 1 A SAR data to retrieve annual rice area maps and long-term dynamics of start of season.

Rice is a vital staple crop globally, and accurate estimation of rice area was crucial for effective agricultural management and food security. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data has emerged as a valuable remote sensing tool for rice area estimation due to its ability to penetrate cloud cover and capture backscattered signals from rice fields. The backscatter signature of rice showed a minimum dB value at agronomic flooding indicating the Start of Season (SoS).

Comparative evaluation of microleakage of four restorative materials using confocal laser scanning microscopy: an in vitro study.

Objective: Understanding the sealing ability of restorative materials to prevent microleakage and its consequent complications-such as secondary caries, postoperative sensitivity, and restoration failure-is imperative in clinical dentistry. This study aims to compare the microleakage performance of four restorative materials-bioactive composite resin (Activa Pronto), alkasite restorative (Cention N), compomer (Dyract Flow), and glass ionomer cement (Type 2 GIC)-in Class V cavities of extracted premolar teeth.

Materials And Methods: Forty non-carious, intact premolar teeth were selected and prepared with standardized Class V cavities.

Immunomechanobiology: Engineering the Activation and Function of Immune Cells with the Mechanical Signal of Fluid Shear Stress.

Immunomechanobiology, the study of how physical forces influence the behavior and function of immune cells, is a rapidly growing area of research. It is becoming increasingly recognized that mechanical stimuli, such as fluid shear forces, are a critical determinant of immune cell regulation. In this review, we discuss the principles and significance of various mechanical forces present within the human body, with a focus on fluid shear flow and its impact on immune cell activation and function.

Posterior scalp block with bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine for pain management in posterior fossa surgeries: a prospective, double blind randomized controlled trial.

Background: Pain management in posterior fossa surgeries poses significant challenges, with opioid-based approaches causing unwanted side effects. This study evaluates the efficacy of posterior scalp block using bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine compared to skin infiltration for managing perioperative pain.

Methods: In this prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 34 adult patients undergoing elective posterior fossa surgeries were equally assigned to either posterior scalp block or skin infiltration groups.

Evaluation of polyherbal synergy against diabetes: analysis.

Aims: To evaluate the anti-diabetic properties of a polyherbal formulation consisting of , , and through assays, and investigate its synergistic effects on glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and insulin function.

Materials And Methods: The polyherbal extract was prepared using methanol, water, and methanol-water as solvents. antioxidant (DPPH, Phosphomolybdenum) and anti-diabetic (α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibition, yeast glucose uptake, and inhibitory glucose diffusion) assays were conducted.

A Comparative Analytical Study of Functional and Esthetic Outcomes of Infraorbital and Subciliary Incisions to Assess the Redundancy of the Infraorbital Approach.

Multiple surgical approaches exist to access the infraorbital region to treat fractures. As with facial approaches, the onus is on good esthetics at the end of the procedure. Access is either through transcutaneous or transconjunctival approaches.

Survey of healthcare-associated sink infrastructure, and sink trap antibiotic residues and biochemistry, in 29 UK hospitals.

Background: Hospital sinks are linked to healthcare-associated infections. Antibiotics and chemicals in sink traps can select for pathogens and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Optimising sink design and usage can mitigate sink-to-patient dissemination of pathogens, but large-scale surveys of hospital sink infrastructure are lacking.

Unravelling the wound healing efficiency of 3D bioprinted alginate-gelatin-diethylaminoethyl cellulose-fibrinogen based skin construct in a rat's full thickness wound model.

The skin, being the largest external organ, is highly vulnerable to injuries. To address the donor skin scarcity, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emerged as an alternative strategies to skin grafting over the past few decades. Recent advancements in 3D bioprinting technology however, have positioned it as a promising tool for constructing tissue that closely mimics in-vivo conditions, using a variety of biomaterials to meet the demands of tissue repair.

Unified extractive-abstractive summarization: a hybrid approach utilizing BERT and transformer models for enhanced document summarization.

With the exponential proliferation of digital documents, there arises a pressing need for automated document summarization (ADS). Summarization, a compression technique, condenses a source document into concise sentences that encapsulate its salient information for summary generation. A primary challenge lies in crafting a dependable summary, contingent upon both extracted features and human-established parameters.

Knowledge on birth control pills among married rural Indian women.

Despite the availability and benefits of birth control pills, rural areas in countries like India face challenges regarding contraceptive knowledge and utilization. Factors such as limited access to healthcare, cultural taboos, and educational barriers contribute to this issue. Addressing these gaps requires tailored reproductive health education and improved access to contraceptive services.

Assessment of maternal knowledge on neonatal danger signs.

Maternal knowledge of neonatal danger signs and subsequent healthcare-seeking behaviors are critical for early intervention and reducing neonatal mortality. This study aimed to assess these factors among mothers attending the Immunization Centre at KMCH Hospital, Coimbatore. A quantitative approach with a descriptive design was employed.

Prevalence of Transaminitis and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Among Young Indian Adults-A Population-Based Study.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) with onset in youth may be more consequential for adverse outcomes than that detected later in adulthood. Transaminitis in the general population is a marker of the prevalence of MASLD. There are no previous community-based studies in Indian youth assessing the prevalence of transaminitis.

A Self-Formed Ag Nanostructure Based Neuromorphic Device Performing Arithmetic Computation and Area Integration: Influence of Presynaptic Pulsing Scheme on Mathematical Precision.

A material equivalent of a biosynapse is the key to neuromorphic architecture. Here we report a self-forming labyrinthine Ag nanostructure activated with a few pulses of 0.5 V, width and interval set at 50 ms, at current compliance () of 400 nA, serving as the active material for a highly stable device with programmable volatility.

Comparative analysis of Q-learning, SARSA, and deep Q-network for microgrid energy management.

The growing integration of renewable energy sources within microgrids necessitates innovative approaches to optimize energy management. While microgrids offer advantages in energy distribution, reliability, efficiency, and sustainability, the variable nature of renewable energy generation and fluctuating demand pose significant challenges for optimizing energy flow. This research presents a novel application of Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms-specifically Q-Learning, SARSA, and Deep Q-Network (DQN)-for optimal energy management in microgrids.

Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm: Transcatheter Closure Through Retrograde Approach.

The ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (RSOV), a rare but well-recognized clinical entity, is invariably a form of left-to-right shunt due to rupture into right-sided chambers. It causes profound hemodynamic effects, especially when the rupture is acute. Like most other left-to-right shunts, it was only a matter of time before this rare defect also became amenable to transcatheter closure (TCC).

Trichosporon infection in chronic kidney disease patients from a tertiary care hospital - a case series or an outbreak? An unanswered question but a well-managed problem.

While the majority of spp. isolated in clinical laboratories are typically associated with episodes of colonization or superficial infections, this fungal species has gained recognition as an opportunistic pathogen, leading to invasive infections worldwide. In this article, we present a case series of spp.

Effectiveness of Two Wavelengths of Diode Laser and Amorphous Calcium Phosphate-Casein Phosphopeptide Mousse in the Treatment of Dentinal Hypersensitivity: A Randomized Clinical Study.

In office methods for immediate relief of dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) has long been an area of research. This study compared the efficacy of 660 nm diode laser, 980 nm diode laser, and amorphous calcium phosphate-casein phosphopeptide (ACP-CPP) agent in the treatment of DH. A total of 39 patients with minimum three hypersensitive teeth in at least one quadrant were selected and randomly divided into three groups; Group A, B, and C patients were treated by 660 nm diode laser, 980 nm diode laser, and ACP-CPP agent, respectively.

Real-world impact of Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor treatment in young people with Cystic Fibrosis: A longitudinal study.

Background: Elexacaftor, Tezacaftor, Ivacaftor (ETI) became available in the UK in August 2020 to treat people with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) aged >12 years. We report a real-world study of clinical outcomes in young people treated with ETI at our CF centre within the first two years of its availability.

Methods: Participants aged 12-17 were identified within our clinic, with demographic data supplemented by the UK CF registry.

Stretchable hierarchical metal wire networks for neuromorphic emulation of nociception and anti-nociception.

Among biomimetic technologies, the incorporation of sensory hardware holds exceptional utility in human-machine interfacing. In this context, devices receptive to nociception and emulating antinociception gain significance as part of pain management. Here we report, a stretchable two-terminal resistive neuromorphic device consisting of a hierarchical Ag microwire network formed using a crack templating protocol.

The Antifungal Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticle-Incorporated Probiotics Against Oral Candidiasis.

Background: Candida species, especially , cause oral candidiasis, also known as oral thrush. It affects the elderly, newborns, patients under antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, and patients with weaker immune systems. Although successful, traditional antifungal medications are available, they may have negative effects and do not prevent recurrence.

Immunodetection of Poorly Soluble Substances: Limitations and Their Overcoming.

Immunoassays based on the specific antigen-antibody interactions are efficient tools to detect various compounds and estimate their content. Usually, these assays are implemented in water-saline media with composition close to physiological conditions. However, many substances are insoluble or cannot be molecularly dispersed in such media, which objectively creates problems when interacting in aquatic environments.

Mechanical, fatigue and super plasticity properties of Cu-Al-Mn, Cu-Al-Be-Mn shape memory alloy and their metal matrix composites.

This study explores the characteristics and potential engineering applications of Cu-Al-Mn and Cu-Al-Be-Mn shape memory alloys (SMAs). The research investigates the chemical composition, transformation temperatures, and mechanical properties of these SMAs when incorporated into Al metal matrix composites (MMCs). It was found that the addition of Mn and Be, has a significant impact on the performance of Cu-Al alloys.

Development of point-of-need colourimetric, isothermal diagnostic assays for specific detection of Bacillus subtilis using shikimate dehydrogenase gene.

The largest obstacle in the promotion of biopesticides is the existence of counterfeit products available in the market. Identification and quantification of antagonistic organisms in biopesticide products are the key to the reduction of spurious microbial pesticides. In this study, we have developed a simple, sensitive, isothermal-based colourimetric assay for specific detection of Bacillus subtilis from the biopesticide formulations and soil samples.