Metabolomics profiling of culture medium reveals association of methionine and vitamin B metabolisms with virulent phenotypes of clinical bloodstream-isolated Candida albicans.

Candida albicans is a predominant species causing candidemia in hospitalized patients. This study aimed to investigate the association of culture medium metabolomic profiles with biofilm formation and invasion properties of clinical bloodstream-isolated C. albicans.

Colistin plus Sulbactam or Fosfomycin against Carbapenem-Resistant : Improved Efficacy or Decreased Risk of Nephrotoxicity?

Background: has been recognized as a cause of nosocomial infection. To date, polymyxins, the last-resort therapeutic agents for carbapenem-resistant (CRAB). Thus, the small number of effective antibiotic options against CRAB represents a challenge to human health.

Optimization of Linezolid Dosing Regimens for Treatment of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Infection.

Background: Linezolid, an oxazolidinone antibiotic, is recommended for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). However, 100% free-drug concentration above the minimum inhibitory concentration (T>MIC) and an area under the curve of free drug to MIC ratio (AUC24/MIC) >100 were associated with favorable clinical outcome with less emerging resistance. A plasma trough concentration (C) of linezolid ≥9 μg/mL was also related to hematologic toxicity.

Specific and sensitive, ready-to-use universal fungi detection by visual color using ITS1 loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined hydroxynaphthol blue.

Being ubiquitous, fungi are common opportunistic pathogens to humans that can lead to invasive and life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals. Eukaryote-resembling cell membrane and filamentous branches make the fungal diagnosis difficult. This study therefore developed a ready-to-use ITS1 loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with hydroxynaphthol blue (LAMP-HNB) for rapid, sensitive and specific colorimetric detection of universal fungi in all phyla.

Does Vancomycin Resistance Increase Mortality? Clinical Outcomes and Predictive Factors for Mortality in Patients with Infections.

The prevalence of enterococcal infection, especially is increasing, and the issue of the impact of vancomycin resistance on clinical outcomes is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of infection caused by and determine the risk factors associated with mortality. This retrospective study was performed at the Phramongkutklao Hospital during the period from 2014 to 2018.

Fluorometric Paper-Based, Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Devices for Quantitative Point-of-Care Detection of Methicillin-Resistant (MRSA).

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has been widely used to detect many infectious diseases. However, minor inconveniences during the steps of adding reaction ingredients and lack of simple color results hinder point-of-care detection. We therefore invented a fluorometric paper-based LAMP by incorporating LAMP reagents, including a biotinylated primer, onto a cellulose membrane paper, with a simple DNA fluorescent dye incubation that demonstrated rapid and accurate results parallel to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods.

Is Early Monitoring Better? Impact of Early Vancomycin Exposure on Treatment Outcomes and Nephrotoxicity in Patients with Methicillin-Resistant Infections.

Optimal early vancomycin target exposure remains controversial. To clarify the therapeutic exposure range, we investigated the association between vancomycin exposure and treatment outcomes or nephrotoxicity in patients with methicillin-resistant (MRSA) infection. This retrospective study reviewed clinical data obtained from 131 patients with MRSA infections between January 2017 and September 2019.

Optimizing the Dosing Regimens of Tigecycline against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in the Treatment of Intra-abdominal and Skin and Soft Tissue Infections.

Tigecycline was previously considered to have activity against vancomycin-resistant (VRE) isolates, but the optimal dose was not clarified. Thus, this study assessed the activity of tigecycline against clinical VRE isolates to determine its optimal regimens for complicated intra-abdominal (cIAIs) and complicated skin/soft tissue infections (cSSTIs). We used Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the probability of target attainment (PTA) and the cumulative fraction of response for the ratio of the free area under the curve to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (AUIC), which were 17.

Antimicrobials as Single and Combination Therapy for Colistin-Resistant at a University Hospital in Thailand.

Global infections with colistin-resistant (CoR-PA) are increasing; there are currently very few studies focused on the antimicrobial susceptibility of CoR-PA isolates, and none from Thailand. Here, we investigated the impact of various antimicrobials, alone and in combination, via the in vitro testing of CoR-PA clinical isolates. Eighteen CoR-PA isolates were obtained from patients treated at Phramongkutklao Hospital from January 2010 through June 2019; these were classified into six different clonal types by using the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR method, with a high prevalence of Group A (27.

Epidemiological study on the relationship between toxin production and psm-mec mutations in MRSA isolates in Thailand.

In this present study, we investigated the phenol-soluble modulin (psm-mec) mutations, the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types, and toxin production in 102 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from the northeast and central regions of Thailand. The MRSA isolates carrying -7T>C psm-mec in Type II SCCmec (n = 18) and the MRSA isolates carrying no psm-mec in Type IV (n = 8) or Type IX SCCmec (n = 4) had higher hemolytic activity against sheep erythrocytes than MRSA isolates carrying intact psm-mec in Type III SCCmec (n = 34), but MRSA isolates carrying no psm-mec in Type I SCCmec (n = 27) did not.

Optimizing the Dosing Regimens of Daptomycin Based on the Susceptible Dose-Dependent Breakpoint against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Infection.

Daptomycin, a lipopeptide antibiotic, is one of the therapeutic options used for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Recently, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M100 30th edition has removed the susceptibility (S) breakpoint for and replaced it with a susceptible dose-dependent (SDD) breakpoint of ≤4 μg/mL, with a suggested dosage of 8-12 mg/kg/day. Herein, we aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of daptomycin against clinical VRE isolates and to study the appropriate daptomycin dosing regimens among critically ill patients based on the new susceptibility CLSI breakpoint.

Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infection in a Thai university hospital: clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and synergistic effect.

Purpose: The incidence of infections with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is increasing, with associated high mortality rates and limited therapeutic choices. We investigated the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of VRE infection and also determined the in vitro effect of monotherapy and combined antimicrobials against clinical VRE isolates.

Patients And Methods: Clinical data and bacterial isolates obtained from patients with VRE infections between January 2014 and April 2018 at Phramongkutklao Hospital were reviewed.

Clinical epidemiology, risk factors and treatment outcomes of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia among children in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.

Objective: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae infection is an emerging problem in paediatric populations leading to increased mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, risk factors and clinical outcomes of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in paediatric blood stream infections (BSIs). A retrospective review of paediatric patients diagnosed with Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia was performed at Phramongkutklao Hospital from 2010 to 2017.

In vitro activity of colistin mono- and combination therapy against colistin-resistant , mechanism of resistance, and clinical outcomes of patients infected with colistin-resistant at a Thai university hospital.

Purpose: Colistin is a drug of last resort for treating multidrug-resistant infections. Unfortunately, colistin-resistant (CoR-AB) has been reported. Here, we examined the in vitro effect of mono- and combined antimicrobials against CoR-AB strains and their resistance mechanism, and evaluated the clinical outcomes of CoR-AB-infected patients.

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Skin Diseases Among Army Personnel and Flood Victims During the 2011 Floods in Thailand.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for skin problems among flood victims and army personnel during the 2011 floods in Thailand.

Methods: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for skin symptoms, standardized questionnaires were used to collect demographic data, current skin symptoms, history of water exposure, and sanitary behaviors. A certified dermatologist evaluated those who presented with skin problems and provided diagnoses.

Efficacy of the Precise Climate Controller on the reduction of indoor microorganisms.

Background: Nowadays, there are many methods to reduce microorganisms in the air, such as dehumidifier, air purifier or humidity and temperature controller. The Precise Climate Controller is an instrument for controlling humidity and temperature, a concept that is demonstrated.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of this device, in order to reduce the quantity of the fungi and bacteria in the closed system.

Comparative in vitro activity of sitafloxacin against bacteria isolated from Thai patients with urinary tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections.

Objective: To determine comparative in vitro activity of sitafloxacin against clinical isolates of bacteria from Thai patients with urinary tract infection and those with lower respiratory tract infection.

Material And Method: 1,255 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus spp, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis isolated from different Thai patients with urinary tract infection and those with lower respiratory tract infection in 2010 were included. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of sitafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, imipenem, amikacin, ampicillin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, penicillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, vancomycin, azithromycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were determined by standard agar dilution method.

Invasive pneumococcal disease in Phramongkutklao Hospital 2004-2008: clinical data, serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns.

Objective: To describe the clinical course, serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases in a public hospital.

Material And Method: Retrospective review of IPD cases occurring from January 2004 through December 2008 was performed. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and serotyping were performed for available isolates.

Epidemiological characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii infections at Phramongkutklao Hospital.

Objective: To describe epidemiological characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii infections and identify molecular patterns of A. baumannii isolated from the patients admitted in Phramongkutklao Hospital.

Material And Method: A retrospective study on previously isolated A.

Characterization of clinical isolates of pathogenic Nocardia strains and related actinomycetes in Thailand from 1996 to 2003.

In Thailand from 1996 to 2003, 171 strains of pathogenic aerobic actinomycetes from clinical specimens were isolated. Of those strains, 134 were mycolic acid containing actinomycetes, including 96 strains of Nocardia species. Others included 10 strains of Gordonia, 14 strains of Rhodococcus, and 22 strains of Mycobacterium.