Synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) such as bifenthrin (BF) have been used worldwide in pest control due to their high insecticidal activity and low toxicity to mammals. However, due to their lipophilicity, BF can persist in various environments and cause significant adverse effects on non-target organisms, including humans. Mitochondria, crucial for cellular energy production and homeostasis, are primary targets of environmental toxins like BF.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a prevalent and aggressive malignancy, with the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene playing a critical role in its pathogenesis. However, the association between VHL gene variants and sporadic ccRCC risk remains unexplored in the Indian population. This study aimed to investigate the somatic and germline variants of the VHL gene in sporadic ccRCC patients from West Bengal, India, and their association with disease risk and clinicopathological parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are defined as an incomplete closure of the neural tube (NT), with a prevalence of 1.2 per 1000 live births around the world. Methylation of the maternally imprinted gene Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is one of the epigenetic mechanisms that contribute significantly to the development of NTDs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThere is a critical need to understand the effectiveness of serum elicited by different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants. We describe the generation of reference reagents comprised of post-vaccination sera from recipients of different primary vaccines with or without different vaccine booster regimens in order to allow standardized characterization of SARS-CoV-2 neutralization in vitro. We prepared and pooled serum obtained from donors who received a either primary vaccine series alone, or a vaccination strategy that included primary and boosted immunization using available SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2, Pfizer and mRNA-1273, Moderna), replication-incompetent adenovirus type 26 vaccine (Ad26.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) predominantly considered a metabolic disease is now being considered an inflammatory disease as well due to the involvement of meta-inflammation. Obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation (ATI) is one of the earliest phenomena in the case of meta-inflammation, leading to the advent of insulin resistance (IR) and T2DM. The key events of ATI are orchestrated by macrophages, which aggravate the inflammatory state in the tissue upon activation, ultimately leading to systemic chronic low-grade inflammation and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) through the involvement of proinflammatory cytokines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBifenthrin (BF), a synthetic pyrethroid is used worldwide for both agricultural and non-agricultural purposes due to its high insecticidal activity and low toxicity in mammals. However, its improper usage implies a possible risk to aquatic life. The study was aimed to correlate the association of BF toxicity with mitochondrial DNA copy number variation in edible fish Punitus sophore.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPediatric nephrolithiasis (NL) or Kidney stone disease (KSD) is an untethered topic in Asian population. In Western countries, the annual incidence of paediatric NL is around 6-10%. Here, we present data from West Bengal, India, on lower age (LA, 0-20 years) NL and its prevalence for the first time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeural tube defects (NTDs) are significant congenital deformities of the central nervous system among which spina bifida is the most common form that occurs due to defect in the neurulation process of embryogenesis. NTDs are among the most common type of birth defects occurring at a range of 0.5-10 in every 1000 live births worldwide and are thought to have multifactorial etiology, including multigenetic and epigenetic notions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGastric cancer has emerged as a key challenge in oncology research as a malignant tumour with advanced stage detection. Apart from surgical management, a pharmacotherapeutic approach to stomach cancer treatment is an appealing option to consider. Andrographolide has been shown to have anticancer and chemosensitizer properties in a variety of solid tumors, including stomach cancer but the exact molecular mechanism is skeptical.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Recept Signal Transduct Res
December 2022
PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is one of the frequently disrupted signaling pathways in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) that plays a significant role in tumor formation, disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, novel natural molecules targeting the critical proteins of this pathway will provide the best alternative to existing drugs, which are toxic and develops resistance. Recent studies have recognized the anti-cancer therapeutic potential of mycocompounds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynthesized organometallic gold-based folate nanoparticles (FAuNPs) were characterized, and its defense against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced brain inflammation in Zebra fish was proven. Vitamin entrapment efficiency of these particles was found to be nearly 70%. The pH-dependent drug release dialysis study of FAuNPs confirmed a slow, sustained, and gradual release of folate for a period of 24 h.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe countrywide COVID-19 pandemic lockdown accomplished what aggressive plans could not do throughout the long-term cleaning of the Ganga River. Here, we illustrated Hooghly River surface water quality [physico-chemical parameters, biological parameters, dissolved heavy metals] improvement by analyzing eight sampling station before and during the lockdown. Because of shutdown of industrial units and individuals staying at home, a complete decrease in industrial wastes, contaminants, and self-purging of the stream improved significantly water quality by about 40% to 50%.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed digestive tract cancers and carries a high risk of mortality. Acetaldehyde (AA), a carcinogenic intermediate of ethanol metabolism contributes to the risk of GC. The accumulation of AA largely depends on the activity of the major metabolic enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase encoded by the ADH (ADH1 gene cluster: ADH1A, ADH1B and ADH1C) and ALDH2 genes, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKidney Stone Disease (KSD) is a complex urologic disorder with strong genetic constituent. Earlier association studies have indicated that the genetic polymorphisms are the potential cause of stone materialization; however unfortunately, the actual genetic signature is still unknown. Therefore, present study was aimed to investigate the potential contribution of two important polymorphisms of calcitonin receptor gene (CALCR): (i) rs1801197 (Leu447Pro) and (ii) rs1042138 (3'UTR+18C>T) in renal stone formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol
June 2016
The impairment of vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) production is well accepted as a typical marker of endothelial dysfunction in vascular diseases, including in the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but the molecular mechanisms accounting for loss of NO production are unknown. We hypothesized that low NO production by pulmonary arterial endothelial cells in PAH is due to inactivation of NO synthase (eNOS) by aberrant phosphorylation of the protein. To test the hypothesis, we evaluated eNOS levels, dimerization, and phosphorylation in the vascular endothelial cells and lungs of patients with PAH compared with controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of gastric cancer associated with individual or combined glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) polymorphism and their interaction with environmental factors.
Materials And Methods: Genotyping by PCR was carried out for 80 cases and controls each for GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphism and mapped for gene-environment association studies. The samples were subjected to pathogen detection and GSTP1 expression for analyzing their association with different genotypes.
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies in India. DNA repair gene or xenobiotic pathway gene polymorphisms have recently been shown to affect individual susceptibility to gastric cancer. Here, the possible interaction between common polymorphisms in X-ray repair cross complementing group I (XRCC1) gene and glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1), smoking and alcohol consumption and overall survival in gastric cancer patients were evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenetically caused nonsyndromic hearing loss is highly heterogeneous. Inspite of this large heterogeneity, mutations in the genes GJB2, GJB6 and SLC26A4 are major contributors. The mutation spectrum of these genes varies among different ethnic groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKidney stone disease (KSD) is a major clinical problem imposing a large burden for both healthcare and economy globally. In India, the prevalence of kidney stone disease is rapidly increasing. This study aimed to evaluate the association between genetic defects in vitamin D receptor (VDR), calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) and claudin 14 (CLDN14) genes and kidney stone disease in patients from eastern India.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAirway mucus in cystic fibrosis (CF) is highly elastic, but the mechanism behind this pathology is unclear. We hypothesized that the biophysical properties of CF mucus are altered because of neutrophilic oxidative stress. Using confocal imaging, rheology, and biochemical measures of inflammation and oxidation, we found that CF airway mucus gels have a molecular architecture characterized by a core of mucin covered by a web of DNA and a rheological profile characterized by high elasticity that can be normalized by chemical reduction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal fibrotic lung disorder with no effective medical treatments available. The generation of myofibroblasts, which are critical for fibrogenesis, requires both a mechanical signal and activated TGF-β; however, it is not clear how fibroblasts sense and transmit the mechanical signal(s) that promote differentiation into myofibroblasts. As transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels are activated in response to changes in plasma membrane stretch/matrix stiffness, we investigated whether TRPV4 contributes to generation of myofibroblasts and/or experimental lung fibrosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground & Aims: Innate immune activation has been postulated as a central mechanism for disease progression from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis in obesity-related fatty liver disease. Arginase 2 competes with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) for its substrate and the balance between these two enzymes plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses and macrophage activation. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that arginase 2 deficiency in mice favours progression from isolated hepatic steatosis, induced by high fat feeding, to steatohepatitis.
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