Artemisia asiatica Nakai Attenuates the Expression of Proinflammatory Mediators in Stimulated Macrophages Through Modulation of Nuclear Factor-κB and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways.

The present study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory effects and potential mechanism of action of Artemisia asiatica Nakai (A. asiatica Nakai) extract in activated murine macrophages. A.

Signaling pathway of glutamate in the vestibular nuclei following acute hypotension in rats.

Acute hypotension induces excitation of electrical activity and expression of c-Fos protein and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) in the vestibular nuclei. Expression of c-Fos protein and pERK is mediated by the excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate. In this study, in order to investigate the signaling pathway of glutamate in the vestibular nuclei following acute hypotension, expression of the NR2B subunit of glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and the GluR1 subunit of glutamate alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors was measured by Western blotting in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) following acute hypotension in bilateral labyrinthectomized (BL) rats.

Eupatilin protects gastric epithelial cells from oxidative damage and down-regulates genes responsible for the cellular oxidative stress.

Purpose: The formulated ethanol extract (DA-9601) of Artemisia asiatica has pronounced antiinflammatory activities and exhibits cytoprotective effects against gastrointestinal damage. Here we investigated whether eupatilin, a major component of DA-9601, has a property of antioxidant activity and protects gastric epithelial cells from H2O2-induced damage. Methods.

DA-9601, a standardized extract of Artemisia asiatica, blocks TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 and CCL20 production by inhibiting p38 kinase and NF-kappaB pathways in human gastric epithelial cells.

Aim: To investigate whether, or how, DA-9601, which is a new gastroprotective agent, inhibits TNF-alpha-induced inflammatory signals in gastric epithelial AGS cells.

Methods: Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. IL-8 and CCL20 promoter activities were determined by a luciferase reporter gene assay.

Effects of ranitidine for exercise induced gastric mucosal changes and bleeding.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of ranitidine on gastric mucosal changes and on GI bleeding in long distance runners.

Methods: Twenty-four long distance runners (M: 16, F: 8, age: 18.2 +/- 1.

Effect of processed Scutellaria baicalensis on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice.

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Labiatae) has been used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Drug processing (Poje) is the process of treating crude drugs by several methods before use. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of processed Scutellaria baicalensis on experimental ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS).

Inhibition of trypsin-induced mast cell activation by water fraction of Lonicera japonica.

Lonicera japonica Thunb.(Caprifoliaceae) has long been known as an anti-inflammatory. In the present study, the effect of water fraction of Lonicera japonica (LJ) on trypsin-induced mast cell activation was examined.

Combined action of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 kinase rescues Molt4 T cells from nitric oxide-induced apoptotic and necrotic cell death.

The mechanisms that regulate nitric oxide (NO)-induced apoptosis, especially in T cell apoptosis, are largely uncharacterized. Here, we report that protection from NO-induced cell death by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) is dependent on both p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Exposure of Molt4 cells to NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP) induced both apoptotic and necrotic modes of cell death along with a sustained increase in p38 kinase phosphorylation.

Acanthoic acid inhibits IL-8 production via MAPKs and NF-kappaB in a TNF-alpha-stimulated human intestinal epithelial cell line.

Background: Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) can produce cytokines and chemokines that play an important role in the mucosal immune response. Regulation of this production is important to prevent inflammatory tissue damage. The root and stem barks of Acanthopanax species have been used as a tonic and sedative as well as in the treatment of rheumatism and diabetes.