A Potential Measure of Premorbid Functioning: Evaluating the Construct Validity of the Author and Magazine Recognition Tests.

Objective: To establish convergent and discriminant validity for a combined measure of print exposure (i.e., Author Recognition Test and Magazine Recognition Test [ART/MRT]) and assess its potential utility for estimating premorbid cognitive functioning.

Computerized assessment of executive functioning: Validation of the CNS Vital Signs executive functioning scores in a sample of community-dwelling older adults.

Computerized assessment of cognitive functioning has gained significant popularity over recent years, yet options for clinical assessment of executive functioning (EF) are lacking. One computerized testing platform, CNS Vital Signs (CNS-VS), offers tests designed to measure EF but requires further validation. The goal of the present study was to validate CNS-VS executive scores against standard clinical measures of EF.

Six elements test vs D-KEFS: what does "Ecological Validity" tell us?

Objective: Extensive research shows that tests of executive functioning (EF) predict instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) but are nevertheless often criticized for having poor ecological validity. The Modified Six Elements Test (MSET) is a pencil-and-paper test that was developed to mimic the demands of daily life, with the assumption that this would result in a more ecologically valid test. Although the MSET has been extensively validated in its ability to capture cognitive deficits in various populations, support for its ability to predict functioning in daily life is mixed.

Conceptualization of the term "ecological validity" in neuropsychological research on executive function assessment: a systematic review and call to action.

Objective: "Ecological validity" (EV) is classically defined as test's ability to predict real-world functioning, either alone or together with test's similarity to real-world tasks. In neuropsychological literature on assessment of executive functions (EF), EV is conceptualized inconsistently, leading to misconceptions about the utility of tests. The goal of this systematic review was to examine how EV is conceptualized in studies of EF tests described as ecologically valid.

Test of Practical Judgment (TOP-J): Construct, Criterion, and Incremental Validity in a Community Sample of Older Adults.

Objective: The Test of Practical Judgment (TOP-J) is a stand-alone judgment measure that is considered to tap into aspects of executive functioning (EF) and inform clinical predictions of daily functioning in older adults. Past validation research is variable and has some limitations. The present study sought to examine the reliability and construct, criterion, and incremental validities of scores on TOP-J 9-item version (TOP-J/9).

A daily examination of executive functioning and chronotype in bedtime procrastination.

Study Objectives: Bedtime procrastination, or delays in bedtime not attributable to external obligations, is a behavioral tendency that undermines sleep and is conceptualized as a consequence of poor self-regulation. Prior studies investigating the mechanistic role of self-regulation in bedtime procrastination relied on cross-sectional methods and self-reported self-regulation. The present study examined the association between bedtime procrastination and both objective and self-reported executive functioning (EF) as indices of self-regulation, as well as the moderating role of chronotype, using methods that examined these associations at the daily level.

Executive Functioning, Daily Self-Regulation, and Diabetes Management while Transitioning into Emerging Adulthood.

Background: Executive functioning (EF) predicts better Type 1 diabetes (T1D) management in the high-risk years after high school, but the daily self-regulation processes involved are unclear.

Purpose: To examine whether EF is associated with daily self-regulation that minimizes one's exposure or buffers adverse reactions to daily diabetes problems, and to determine whether these patterns become stronger during the transition out of high school.

Methods: A measurement burst design with convenience sampling was used.

It's complicated: Executive functioning moderates impacts of daily busyness on everyday functioning in community-dwelling older adults.

Objective: Research shows that cognitively healthy older adults with mild executive function (EF) weaknesses are vulnerable to the negative impacts of life complexity (or daily busyness) when performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). However, past research assessed life complexity only at one timepoint, not capturing daily fluctuations. Importantly, fluctuations in busyness can themselves have deleterious impacts on functioning.

Cognitive Abilities and Collaboration in Couples in Type 1 Diabetes Management.

Managing type 1 diabetes involves coordinating complex daily behaviors that may rely on the cognitive abilities of people with diabetes (PWD) and spouses, especially as couples collaborate surrounding diabetes care. The aims of the study were to examine whether ) the cognitive abilities of PWD and their spouses predicted lower A1C, ) collaborating with a spouse with higher cognitive abilities was especially beneficial for PWD with lower cognitive abilities, and ) the benefit of the cognitive abilities of PWD and their spouse occurred through better self-care. Couples ( = 199) were recruited with one member diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (PWD 52% female sex, average age 46.

Know thyself: Executive functioning and sex predict self-appraisal of functional abilities in community-dwelling older adults.

The capacity for accurate self-appraisals of age-related changes in cognitive and functional abilities is integral to the maintenance of independence in later life, yet there is little understanding of the factors that place nondemented older adults at risk for poor self-awareness. This study examined the potential contributions of executive functioning (EF), crystallized intelligence (IQ-Cr), and sex in predicting congruence between performance and self-appraisals of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in a group of community-dwelling older adults. A group of 150 nondemented, community-dwelling older adults (White and majority highly educated) completed measures of EF and IQ-Cr.

Ecological validity reconsidered: the Night Out Task versus the D-KEFS.

Introduction: Although executive functioning (EF) correlates with execution of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), tests of EF have been criticized for having poor ecological validity. Attempts have been made to develop new tests that approximate naturalistic daily tasks. However, the incremental utility of such tests has not been convincingly demonstrated.

Reappraising cognitive reappraisal: The taxing impact of emotion regulation on executive functioning in older adults.

Objective: Cognitive reappraisal (CR) and expressive suppression (ES) are two common emotion regulation strategies that share similar cognitive and neural underpinnings. Prior research has consistently shown that recent engagement in ES (both self-reported and experimentally manipulated) is associated with subsequent temporary decrements in executive functioning (EF). Thus far, only one study has examined the association between CR and EF, with null results.

Intra-individual variability identifies individuals vulnerable to contextually induced executive lapses.

Contextual stressors, such as engagement in burdensome emotion regulation known as expressive suppression (ES), can result in transient but clinically meaningful decrement in performance on measures of executive functioning (EF). The goal of the present investigation was to examine whether intra-individual variability (IIV-I), which has been identified as an indicator of cognitive weakness, could serve as a marker of vulnerability to EF decrements due to both naturally-occurring and experimentally-manipulated ES. In Study 1, 180 cognitively healthy older adults completed the Push-Turn-Taptap (PTT) task to assess IIV-I, four Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) subtests to assess EF, and the Burden of State Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (B-SERQ) to assess naturally-occurring ES.

Reliability and validity of composite scores from the timed subtests of the D-KEFS battery.

Many neuropsychological tests of executive functioning (EF) have test-retest reliabilities below what is considered acceptable. Combining several tests into a composite can improve reliability, although due to concerns about the multifaceted nature of the EF construct, this practice is rarely applied. The present study (a) examined internal consistencies and test-retest reliabilities of two composites of four EF tests ( from timed scores and from error scores), and (b) preliminarily examined the criterion validity of the composites as a first step toward construct validation.

Was the COVID-19 Pandemic Associated with Gender Disparities in Authorship of Manuscripts Submitted to Clinical Neuropsychology Journals?

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated gender disparities in some academic disciplines. This study examined the association of the pandemic with gender authorship disparities in clinical neuropsychology (CN) journals.

Method: Author bylines of 1,018 initial manuscript submissions to four major CN journals from March 15 through September 15 of both 2019 and 2020 were coded for binary gender.

Daily Assessment of Executive Functioning and Expressive Suppression Predict Daily Functioning among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objective: Executive functioning (EF) is known to be associated with performance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). However, prior research has found that the degree to which EF was more predictive of self-reported cognitive and IADL lapses than was EF performance. One source of such EF fluctuations is engagement in an emotion regulation strategy known as expressive suppression (ES).

Branching Condition of the Color-Word Interference Test Enhances Prediction of Meta-Tasking in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objectives: Meta-tasking (MT) is an aspect of executive functioning (EF) that involves the ability to branch (i.e., to apply "if-then" rules) and to effectively interleave sub-goals of one task with sub-goals of another task.

Interpreting executive and lower-order error scores on the timed subtests of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) battery: Error analysis across the adult lifespan.

Objective: The Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) is a battery of tests designed to measure executive functions (EF). Additionally, the D-KEFS contains lower-order tasks, designed to control for speed of visual scanning, sequencing, and verbal and graphomotor output. The construct and criterion validities of D-KEFS scores that are are well established.

Chronic versus recent expressive suppression burdens are differentially associated with cognitive performance among older adults.

Unlabelled: : Expressive suppression (ES; suppression of affective behavior) has been shown to have a deleterious impact on subsequently administered tests of executive functions (EF), threatening validity, and reliability of EF assessment. Past research has shown that ES (i.e.