Circular band formation for incompressible viscous fluid-rigid-particle mixtures in a rotating cylinder.

In this paper we have investigated a circular band formation of fluid-rigid-particle mixtures in a fully filled cylinder horizontally rotating about its cylinder axis by direct numerical simulation. These phenomena are modeled by the Navier-Stokes equations coupled to the Euler-Newton equations describing the rigid solid motion of the non-neutrally particles. The formation of circular bands studied in this paper is mainly caused by the interaction between particles themselves.