Birth Defects (BDs) are a significant contributor to childhood mortality worldwide, yet BD surveillance and management in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) like India remain under-prioritised. This article presents findings from a population-based BD surveillance conducted in the Palghar district, Maharashtra, India, aimed at identifying challenges and solutions in the implementation of BD surveillance. The data on BDs was collected between April 2021 and March 2023 from 38 Primary Health Centres (PHCs), nine Rural Hospitals (RH) and three Sub-district Hospitals (SDH) from seven tribal blocks of Palghar district.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) management is crucial to WHO's End TB Strategy. Indian guidelines recommend treating under-five children with household TB contacts after ruling out active TB, regardless of TBI testing. However, the precise LTBI burden among children in high TB burden settings like India is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Yoga
November 2023
Background: The heterogenic manifestations of polycystic ovarian syndrome have led to various treatment approaches that include improving hormonal imbalance, weight management, and improving quality of life (QoL). Yoga therapy being a versatile treatment approach benefits physical and mental well-being and can be recommended to women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Objective: The objective of this study was to study the effect of structured yoga intervention on anthropometric, metabolic, hormonal, biochemical, ovarian morphology, and infertility-related QoL parameters among infertile women with PCOS.
Indian J Tuberc
December 2023
Background Objectives: Despite several adversities imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, it was crucial to sustain research having public health relevance such as investigations around sickle cell disease (SCD). Against this background, an ongoing ICMR-multicentric study for newborn screening of SCD in the tribal population at Model Rural Health Research Unit (MRHRU-Dahanu) in Palghar District, Maharashtra constituted the current study setting. This was a descriptive study wherein, certain measures were undertaken and strategies were developed in view of the challenges in newborn screening for SCD due to the COVID-19 pandemic during December 2019-September 2021 at Sub District Hospital, MRHRU-Dahanu.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnderstanding the pathophysiology of idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) is essential, in view of its consequences on reproductive health and metabolic disorders in later life. Towards this, estimation of circulating levels of the neuropeptides, viz; Kisspeptin (Kp-10), Neurokinin B (NKB) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY), acting upstream to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH), has shown promise. Insights can also be gained from functional studies on genetic variations implicated in ICPP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Early identification, referrals and timely treatment is crucial to improve the outcome of Birth Defects (BDs). The role of Community Health Workers (CHWs) in India is largely fulfilled by Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) who can play an important role in community-based reporting and referrals of BDs in newborn. In the study area, ASHAs have been previously trained for identification of BDs under Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK); however, reporting through them was found to be sub-optimal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/objectives: Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic and its prevention and control policies have impacted maternal and child health (MCH) services. This study documents the challenges faced by patients in accessing MCH services, and the experiences of health care providers in delivering those services during the COVID-19 outbreak, explicitly focusing on the lockdown period in India.
Methods: A cross-sectional study (rapid survey) was conducted in 18 districts from 6 states of India during March to June, 2020.
Over the past few years, Th17 cells is considered a key player in osteoporosis pathogenesis. Although extensively studied in murine models, comprehensive Th17 cell characterization in osteoporotic women is elusive. We thus aimed to examine peripheral Th17 cells frequency and phenotypes in healthy and osteoporotic women.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOsteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of the NF-kB ligand (RANKL) are key players in bone remodelling. Reports show that OPG and RANKL gene polymorphisms are associated with osteoporosis and fracture risk. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in OPG and RANKL gene on bone mineral density (BMD) in Indian women.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: There is a need to improve their nutritional status of under-five children through specific targeted interventions. The present study discusses the impact of intervention on nutritional status among under-five children in Palghar district from Maharashtra.
Objective: The objective is to improve the nutritional status of under-five children by implementing multi-component health and nutrition education intervention, focusing on dietary counseling and modification keeping in view the cultural and socio-economic status of population.
Objective: To investigate testis-specific histone 2B (TSH2B) and its gene anomalies in infertile men.
Design: Case-control study.
Setting: Basic science laboratory.
Unlabelled: COVID-19 pandemic has affected all age groups globally including pregnant women and their neonates. The aim of the study was to understand outcomes in neonates of mothers with COVID-19 during the first and second waves of COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective analysis of 2524 neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers was conducted during the first wave (n = 1782) and second wave (n = 742) of the COVID-19 pandemic at five study sites of the PregCovid registry in Maharashtra, India.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProblem: Surfactant protein D (SP-D), a multimeric collectin expressed by testicular mucosal epithelia and is positively regulated by testosterone. It exerts antimicrobial effects, modulates inflammation and rescued spermatogenesis in a murine model. Various cytokines and chemokines, including MCP-1, play a key role in regulating the inflammation in rat and human testis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Pregnant women are at increased risk of contracting COVID-19 due to several factors and therefore require special attention. However, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women and their newborns remain uncharted. The PregCovid registry aims to document the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnant, postpartum women and their newborns.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Limited information is available on the aetiology and semen profiles of male infertility in Indian population.
Aim: The aim of this study is to study the clinical and semen characteristics of men attending the infertility clinic and also to understand the impact of World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 reference values on the diagnosis of male infertility.
Setting And Design: A retrospective study evaluating the medical case records (January 2005 to December 2015, [ = 1906]) of men attending infertility clinic in Mumbai, India.
Aim: To analyze the agreement between tuberculin skin test (TST) and fourth-generation QuantiFERON (QFT)-TB Gold Plus [interferon gamma (INF-γ) release assays (IGRA)] for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) diagnosis among under-five children who are undernourished and/or who have history of contact with active tuberculosis (TB) patients.
Methods: Children from the age group of 6 months to 5 years (undernourished or tuberculosis household contacts) were screened through anganwadis (government playschools) and TB Health posts from Mumbai, India during September 2019 to January 2021. Both TST and QFT-TB Gold Plus test were carried out to diagnose LTBI.
Cervicitis is an inflammatory condition of cervix, when presented along with vaginal discharge; it is termed as cervico-vaginitis. These can be infective, hence important to diagnose due to risk of spreading to upper genital tract. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate the microbiological spectrum in cervicitis or cervico-vaginitis among 100 sexually active women by Gram stain and Multiplex Real time polymerase chain reaction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: RANKL and OPG are cytokines involved in bone remodeling that makes them potential bone biomarkers. The reference interval for these cytokines, their ratio, and bone turnover markers CTX and PINP were established in Indian women, which may serve in diagnosis and management of osteoporosis.
Purpose: The aim of the study was to establish reference interval for RANKL, OPG, RANKL/OPG, and bone turnover markers CTX and PINP in healthy Indian women.
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