Biopolymeric nanocarrier: an auspicious system for oral delivery of insulin.

Subcutaneous administration of insulin has been practiced for the clinical supervision of diabetes pathogenesis but it is often ineffective to imitate the glucose homeostasis and is always invasive. Therefore, it causes patient discomfort and infection of local tissue. These issues lead to finding an alternative route for insulin delivery that could be effective, promising, and non-invasive.

Antioxidant potentials of successive solvent extracts from the unexplored rhizome.

Koen. is considered as an endemic medicinal plant. In the current research antioxidant potential of six different extracts obtained by the successive solvent extraction method from the unexplored rhizome was evaluated.

Reactive oxygen species: sources, consequences and targeted therapy in type 2 diabetes.

Oxidative stress has been considered as a central mediator in the progression of diabetic complication. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress and it is raised from the mitochondria as well as by activation of five major pathways: increased polyol pathway flux, activation of protein kinase C (PKC) pathway, increased formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), over activity of hexosamine pathway and increased production of angiotensin II. The increased ROS through these pathways leads to β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance, responsible for cell damage and death.