Kinetic Models of Wealth Distribution with Extreme Inequality: Numerical Study of Their Stability against Random Exchanges.

In view of some recent reports on global wealth inequality, where a small number (often a handful) of people own more wealth than 50% of the world's population, we explored if kinetic exchange models of markets could ever capture features where a significant fraction of wealth can concentrate in the hands of a few as the market size approaches infinity. One existing example of such a kinetic exchange model is the Chakraborti or Yard-Sale model; in the absence of tax redistribution, etc., all wealth ultimately condenses into the hands of a single individual (for any value of ), and the market dynamics stop.

Sandpile Universality in Social Inequality: Gini and Kolkata Measures.

Social inequalities are ubiquitous and evolve towards a universal limit. Herein, we extensively review the values of inequality measures, namely the Gini () index and the Kolkata () index, two standard measures of inequality used in the analysis of various social sectors through data analysis. The Kolkata index, denoted as , indicates the proportion of the 'wealth' owned by (1-k) fraction of the 'people'.