Developing and assessing the "MultiLife" intervention: a mobile health-based lifestyle toolkit for cardiometabolic multimorbidity in diabetes and hypertension management - a type 1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial protocol.

Background: Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), characterized by the coexistence of diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, poses a major health challenge in India, particularly in rural areas with limited healthcare resources. Lifestyle interventions can manage cardiometabolic risk factors, yet adherence remains suboptimal. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions offer a scalable approach for managing CMM by promoting behaviour change and medication adherence.

Strengthening Cause of Death Statistics in Selected Districts of 3 States in India: Protocol for an Uncontrolled, Before-After, Mixed Method Study.

Background: Mortality statistics are vital for health policy development, epidemiological research, and health care service planning. A robust surveillance system is essential for obtaining vital information such as cause of death (CoD) information.

Objective: This study aims to develop a comprehensive model to strengthen the CoD information in the selected study sites.

Serosurveys to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among high-risk groups in six urban cities of Odisha, India.

Introduction: Personnel involved in essential services or residing in high-risk areas during the COVID-19 pandemic are at increased risk of getting infected. We evaluated the proportion of personnel infected in several high-risk groups in Odisha using seroprevalence studies.

Methodology: During July to November, 2020, individuals from multiple high-risk groups in 6 urban cities (Bhubaneswar, Berhampur, Cuttack, Malkangiri, Paralakhemundi, and Rourkela) in Odisha, India, were recruited to the study after obtaining written informed consent.

Prevalence and determinants of hysterectomy in India.

Increase in the prevalence of hysterectomy among low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as India has become a significant concern. Reports based on either a particular group or region show an increasing trend in hysterectomy, but there is a dearth of national-level data in this domain. Hence, there seems to be an urgent need to garner evidence on the prevalence and determinants of hysterectomy, which could pave the way for future programs and policies.

Access to Maternal and Child Health Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Explorative Qualitative Study in Odisha, India.

Background: Maternal and child health (MCH) care is one of the essential routine healthcare services, which got affected during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Modeled projections had anticipated an 8.3%-38.

Gender differences in COVID-19 knowledge, risk perception, and public stigma among the general community: Findings from a nationwide cross-sectional study in India.

Introduction: Individual and community characteristics predictive of knowledge, perception, and attitude on COVID-19, specifically on gender, have not been adequately explored.

Objective: To examine the gender differences in COVID-19 knowledge, self-risk perception and public stigma among the general community and to understand other socio-demographic factors which were predictive of them.

Method: A nationally representative cross-sectional multi-centric survey was conducted among adult individuals(≥18 yrs) from the community member (N = 1978) from six states and one union territory of India between August 2020 to February 2021.

Prevalence and pattern of multimorbidity among chronic kidney disease patients: a community study in chronic kidney disease hotspot area of Eastern India.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is mostly asymptomatic until reaching an advanced stage. Although conditions such as hypertension and diabetes can cause it, CKD can itself lead to secondary hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Understanding the types and prevalence of associated chronic conditions among CKD patient could help improve screening for early detection and case management.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Formation of Isolates from Febrile Cases: Findings from a Rural Cohort of Odisha, India.

This study investigated the major pathogens in fever patients' blood in a rural cohort and characterized its virulence. A total of 718 blood samples received from IPD/OPD (inpatient department/outpatient department) patients with H/O (history of) fever were cultured, and 73 out of 83 culture-positive samples were identified as . The isolates showed higher resistance to penicillin, most being multidrug resistant.

Factors Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu): A Systematic Review.

(1) Background: Despite ample research, the factors, specific causes, and pathways associated with chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) remain elusive. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to explore the potential etiologies for the development of CKDu globally. (2) Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using databases CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO on the specific causes and pathophysiology related to CKDu from inception until April 2021.

Community Dynamics and Engagement Strategies in Establishing Demographic Development and Environmental Surveillance Systems: A Multi-Site Report from India.

Background: Six diverse Demographic Development and Environmental Surveillance System (DDESS) sites were established in urban slum, urban resettlement, peri-urban, rural, and tribal areas located in Northern, North-East, Eastern, and Southern regions of India from June 2020 to March 2022. Understanding the community dynamics and engaging people in the community is critically important in the process of establishing DDESS. We ascertained the barriers, challenges, and facilitators during the establishment of multiple DDESS sites across India.

Perception and determinants leading to antimicrobial (mis)use: A knowledge, attitude, and practices study in the rural communities of Odisha, India.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the major public health issues globally. This cross-sectional study determined knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding antimicrobial use and AMR among rural communities of Tigiria (Odisha), India.

Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire based on socio-demographic characteristics, antibiotics usage, awareness of antimicrobial resistance, healthcare utilization and quality of life were asked to the participants using an electronic device with Open Data Kit.

Challenges in Accessing and Delivering Maternal and Child Health Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Rapid Survey from Six States of India.

Background/objectives: Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic and its prevention and control policies have impacted maternal and child health (MCH) services. This study documents the challenges faced by patients in accessing MCH services, and the experiences of health care providers in delivering those services during the COVID-19 outbreak, explicitly focusing on the lockdown period in India.

Methods: A cross-sectional study (rapid survey) was conducted in 18 districts from 6 states of India during March to June, 2020.

Serological survey for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among tribal communities of Odisha post-second wave.

Background & Objectives: Serial national level serosurveys in India have provided valuable information regarding the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in the general population, but the impact of the ongoing pandemic on the tribal population in India is not well understood. In this study, we evaluated the seroprevalence of COVID-19 antibodies in the tribal population of Odisha post-second wave (September 2021).

Methods: A population-based, age-stratified, cross-sectional study design was adopted for the survey, carried out in seven tribal districts of Odisha from 30 August to 16 September 2021.

Trend in seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (IgG antibody) among tribal-dominated population: Findings from Jharkhand, India.

Background & Objectives: Serosurvey of COVID-19 provides a better estimation of people who have developed antibodies against the infection. Undertaking such a serosurvey in certain districts of India which are densely populated with prominent tribes can provide valuable information regarding seropravelance of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among such indigenous populations. In this context, two rounds of population-based, cross-sectional serosurveys for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody were carried out in Jharkhand, a tribal-dominated State of India, to compare the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to determine the associated demographic risk factors.

Health literacy on hygiene and sanitation, nutrition, and diseases among rural secondary school children - Findings from a qualitative study in Odisha, India.

Context: Health literacy among school children is a priority to promote their health, hygiene, and nutrition behaviours and practices. Although in schools they learn from their peers and teachers, their domestic and social conditions also contribute to learning and adopting in practice. The level of health literacy is also influenced based on socio-demographic features.

Community response towards health care providers delivering health care services during COVID-19 pandemic: A strategy framework based on findings of a qualitative study in Odisha, India.

Context: While there are studies on peoples' behaviour toward health professionals (doctors and nurses) during the Coronavirus diesease (COVID-19) pandemic in hospital settings, there is limited literature on Community Health Workers (CHWs). Our study attempted to explore the behaviour of community people towards CHWs during the pandemic and its underlying reasons.

Material And Method: A qualitative study using In-depth interviews (IDI) and focus group discussions (FGD) was conducted among CHWs and community people from six districts of Odisha from February to April 2021.

Impediments of Cancer Survivorship and Palliative Care: A Mixed-Methods Study in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Odisha, India.

Objective: Measure the satisfaction level of patients visiting a tertiary level cancer institute in Odisha, identify the factors associated with the satisfaction level and assess the health system challenges related to quality service provision for cancer survival.

Material And Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study was carried out using a mixed-methods approach in a tertiary cancer care unit in Odisha among 538 cancer patients using the Patient Satisfaction 32 questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 questionnaire.

Results: There were 41% and 43% of outdoor and indoor patients who were below poverty line.

Factors associated with COVID-19 stigma during the onset of the global pandemic in India: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To assess factors associated with COVID-19 stigmatizing attitudes in the community and stigma experiences of COVID-19 recovered individuals during first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 18 districts located in 7 States in India during September 2020 to January 2021 among adults > 18 years of age selected through systematic random sampling. Data on socio demographic and COVID-19 knowledge were collected from 303 COVID-19 recovered and 1,976 non-COVID-19 infected individuals from community using a survey questionnaire.

Development & validation of scales to assess stigma related to COVID-19 in India.

Background & Objectives: COVID-19 pandemic has triggered social stigma towards individuals affected and their families. This study describes the process undertaken for the development and validation of scales to assess stigmatizing attitudes and experiences among COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 participants from the community.

Methods: COVID-19 Stigma Scale and Community COVID-19 Stigma Scale constituting 13 and six items, respectively, were developed based on review of literature and news reports, expert committee evaluation and participants' interviews through telephone for a multicentric study in India.