Adaptive capability of slow-growing backyard poultry as indicated by physiological and molecular responses in a hot and humid coastal climate.

Assessing the adaptability of slow-growing rural chickens for improving thermotolerance to suit the global climate change is a major research need. This work was aimed to evaluate the adaptability of CARI-Debendra chickens and to identify the polymorphism as well as expression profiling of thermotolerant genes (HSP70 and GRP78) under prevailing temperature-humidity indices and thermal stress in a coastal environment. One hundred sixty straight run chicks were reared at THI≥75 (control) and THI>80 under coastal climate till 12 weeks.

Dietary concoction of formic acid and thymol and its effects on zoo-technical performance, immunity, jejunal architecture and gut health in Turkey.

With increasing demand for improved protein-rich food, diverse poultry birds like turkey are gaining popularity in India. However, with the rising concerns of antibiotic residues and drug resistance, safe alternatives like formic acid (FA) and thymol (TH) have attracted the attention of researchers as effective replacer of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). This experiment investigated the effects of combinations of FA and TH on growth performance, immunity, gut microflora and jejunal microstructures in turkey.

Evaluation of in-feed supplementation of formic acid and thymol as non-antibiotic growth promoters and assessing their effect on antimicrobial resistant E.coli isolated in Turkey.

With the rampant usage of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry sector, there has been alarming concerns of antimicrobial resistant microbes such as Escherichia coli. Diversification of poultry farming due to consumer demand for safer products with higher protein content, turkey production is gaining popularity. Feed additives such as formic acid (FA) and thymol (TH) are effectively replacing AGPs due to their antimicrobial action.

Transportation stress: Impact on behaviour and welfare in meat-type chickens under indian scenario.

In order to find standard transport time and its effect on the welfare, 480 marketable commercial broiler chickens (CARIBRO VISHAL; avg. 2.0 kg body weight) were transported for 2, 4, 8h and without transport in crates in three replicates in a completely randomized design.

Impact of bioclimatic factors on physio-biochemical and molecular response of slow-growing poultry reared in tropics.

Most of the climatic studies projected on heat stress have considered heat extremes, but not the humidity. Hence, this work was carried out to evaluate thermotolerance, production performance, physio-biochemical and immunological response of slow-growing poultry towards various temperature-humidity levels in coastal climate. A total of 240 straight run CARI-Debendra birds were reared in three groups based on temperature-humidity indices (THI > 80, = 75-80 and < 75).

nano-silver and nutrient supplementation improves immunity and resistance against Newcastle disease virus challenge in broiler chickens.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) interact with the microbes and host immune system to protect against diseases. Fertile broiler eggs ( = 900) were allotted to six groups: un-injected control, sham (sterile water), AgNPs (50 μg), AgNPs+Amino acids (Methionine-10 mg + Arginine-25 mg), AgNPs+Vitamins (Vit B1-72μg + Vit B6-140μg), and AgNPs+Trace Elements (Zn-80 μg and Se-0.3 μg) and incubated for 18 days.

Microarray analysis and PCR validation of genes associated with facultative parthenogenesis in Meleagris gallopavo (Turkey).

A cDNA microarray containing 43,661 differentially expressed genes was carried out on the blastoderm of fertilized and facultative parthenogenic turkey embryos at different hours of development. The total number of up-regulated (UR) and down-regulated (DR) genes at 0, 12, and 24 h of development were 725 and 1436, 942 and 599, and 589 and 1044, respectively. Common genes between 0 and 12 h, 12 and 24 h, and 0 and 24 h were 55, 67, and 110, respectively.

Effect of feeding rice gluten meal with and without enzymes on hematobiochemical profile of broiler chickens.

Background And Aim: Blood and serological parameters are indicators of the health status of the birds and influenced by the type of feed and their nutrient composition. Scanty researches are available in rice gluten meal (RGM) regarding its effect of feeding with and without enzymes on hematology and serum biochemistry. This study was conducted for and investigation regarding feeding RGM without or with different enzymes on hematology and serum biochemistry of broiler chickens.

In ovo silver nanoparticle supplementation for improving the post-hatch immunity status of broiler chickens.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNano) are known for their unique physical, chemical and biological properties, enabling cell penetration and anti-inflammatory response. In Experiment 1, the effect of an in ovo administration of AgNano (15 µg/egg; n = 360) at different incubation times (d 7 and d 18) on hatchability parameters was explored. In Experiment 2, post-hatch performance of broilers (42 d, n = 250) was studied after in ovo AgNano administration: Group T1 remained un-injected, Group T2 was the sham control and Groups T3, T4 and T5 were injected with 12.

Valproic acid assisted reprogramming of fibroblasts for generation of pluripotent stem cells in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

Generation of pluripotent stem cells by reprogramming somatic cells of quality animals has numerous potential applications in agricultural and biomedical sciences. Unfortunately, till now, reprogramming of buffalo fetal fibroblast cells (bFFs) has been very ineffient despite intensive efforts. Here, we attempted to enhance reprogramming efficiency by using the HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) in bFFs transfected with pLentG-KOSM pseudo virus carrying mouse specific pluripotent genes.

In ovo trace element supplementation enhances expression of growth genes in embryo and immune genes in post-hatch broiler chickens.

Background: Differential expression of growth- and immunity-related genes and post-hatch performances were evaluated in in ovo zinc (Zn), iodine (I) or selenium (Se) supplemented chicken embryos.

Result: There was about 9-18% reduction in hatchability of Zn, I or Se supplemented eggs. In ovo trace element supplementation did not improve post-hatch growth.

In Ovo Administration of Silver Nanoparticles and/or Amino Acids Influence Metabolism and Immune Gene Expression in Chicken Embryos.

Due to their physicochemical and biological properties, silver nanoparticles (NanoAg) have a wide range of applications. In the present study, their roles as a carrier of nutrients and an immunomodulator were tested in chicken embryos. Cysteine (Cys)+NanoAg injected embryos had smaller livers but heavier breasts on the 19th day of embryogenesis.

Development of parthenote following in vivo transfer of embryos in Capra hircus.

The aim of this study is to generate parthenogenetic embryos from chemically activated in vitro matured caprine oocytes and to study the in vivo developmental potency of such embryos. The parthenogenetic embryos (2-8 and 16 cells to morula stage) were surgically transferred in 26 recipients. Pregnancy in recipients following embryo transfer was monitored by ultrasonography.

Prospects of in ovo feeding and nutrient supplementation for poultry: the science and commercial applications--a review.

In ovo supplementation of poultry embryos was first reported several decades ago, but it is only recently that concerted research has been directed at developing the technology for this process to be routinely used by the poultry industry. Although the technology of in ovo feeding was patented more than 10 years ago, it has not been widely adopted by the poultry industry. This review examines the early development of the enteric system of the poultry embryo; defines and distinguishes between in ovo feeding and in ovo nutrient administration; highlights the importance of early feeding of the chick; and discusses the development of in ovo feeding technology and its effects on hatchability, growth, gut health and immune response of chicks.

Modulation of post-hatch growth and immunity through in ovo supplemented nutrients in broiler chickens.

Background: Early post-hatch growth and immunity were assessed through in ovo supplementation of nutrients: amino acids (AA), trace elements (TE), fatty acids and vitamins (FAV) grouped under humoral immunity (HI) or cell-mediated immunity (CMI) on the 18th day of incubation at the broad end of the egg using a 25 mm needle.

Results: Hatchability in AA groups was better than TE and FAV groups. CMI groups had better hatchability than HI groups.