Case-control association study of congenital heart disease from a tertiary paediatric cardiac centre from North India.

Background: Congenital Heart diseases (CHDs) account for 1/3rd of all congenital birth defects. Etiopathogenesis of CHDs remain elusive despite extensive investigations globally. Phenotypic heterogeneity witnessed in this developmental disorder reiterate gene-environment interactions with periconceptional factors as risk conferring; and genetic analysis of both sporadic and familial forms of CHD suggest its multigenic basis.

The study of expression levels of DNA methylation regulators in patients affected with congenital heart defects (CHDs).

Background: Congenial heart defects (CHDs) have multifactorial etiology with complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Environmental impact can have epigenetic mechanism of CHD development. Many studies have reported the causal association between CHD and distinct DNA methylation profile which is one of the key epigenetic events, which has vital role in normal embryonic development.

Pseudoaneurysm following a neonatal coarctation repair; a dreadful complication.

Aneurysms of descending thoracic aorta following surgical repair of coarctation have been reported in literature. Almost always, they are seen in repairs involving prosthetic patch aortoplasty. We report a neonate who underwent resection and an extended end to end anastomosis repair of coarctation and subsequently developed a huge pseudoaneurysm at a 3-month follow-up.

Timing of congenital cardiac surgery in children who turned COVID-19 positive.

We report a series of four patients with CHD who tested positive for COVID-19, got treated, and underwent cardiac surgery in the same sitting. All had an uneventful perioperative course similar to COVID-19-negative patients. We conclude that children with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 disease may be subjected to surgery as early as within 1 week since COVID-19 negative.

Acyanotic Truncus Arteriosus: Not a Misnomer But a True Rarity.

Truncus arteriosus, also referred to as common arterial trunk (CAT), is generally classified as a cyanotic congenital heart disease characterized by a single arterial trunk arising from the heart and supplying both pulmonary and systemic circulations. Cyanosis exists by virtue of it being an admixture lesion. We report a 13-year-old boy diagnosed to have type 1 CAT who was acyanotic at presentation and had all features of an operable lesion even at this age.

Isolated left subclavian with a compensatory ductus in a child with Tetralogy of Fallot.

Tetralogy of Fallot is a cyanotic heart disease wherein aortopulmonary collaterals serve as source of pulmonary blood flow to maintain oxygenation. We report an incidentally detected isolated left subclavian artery supplying a compensatory ductus in a child with Tetralogy of Fallot that effectively contributed as a de novo palliative systemic to pulmonary artery shunt. Clinically, the entity could not be suspected, as the child did not have symptoms suggestive of arterial insufficiency of the left arm or weak pulses or neurological symptoms.

Transesophageal Echocardiography Reveals a Missed Right Atrial Aneurysm in a Patient with Atrial Septal Defect and Mitral Valve Prolapse.

Right atrial (RA) aneurysms are rare entities reported in the literature. Affected patients are usually asymptomatic, but sometimes, they tend to present with arrhythmias or even heart failure if big. They may form a nidus for thrombus formation and subsequent thromboembolic complications.

Exploring the Role of Maternal Nutritional Epigenetics in Congenital Heart Disease.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the major debilitating birth defects resulting in significant impact on neonatal and child mortality globally. The etiology of CHD is complex and multifactorial. Many causative genes responsible for CHDs have been identified from the familial forms previously.

Explanting the migrated hepatic stent in the right atrium by modified vena caval inflow occlusion.

Stenting of hepatic veins can be a long lasting solution for Budd-Chiari syndrome. These stents could very rarely migrate into the right atrium. During surgical retrieval, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can be avoided if vena caval inflow occlusion (VCIO) is used.

Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Distal Aortopulmonary Window.

Aortopulmonary window (APW) is a relatively rare cardiac lesion representing approximately 0.2%-0.4% of all cardiac malformation.

Isolated Double-chambered Right Ventricle with Intact Interventricular Septum.

Double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV) is a developmental cardiac anomaly in which anomalous muscle bundles divide the right ventricular (RV) cavity into two chambers. It is usually associated with other congenital cardiac defects, of which ventricular septal defect is the most common association. Isolated DCRV with an intact interventricular septum is very rarely reported.

Assisted Fontan procedure: animal and in vitro models and computational fluid dynamics study.

Fontan connection with intermittent compression by wrapped latissimus dorsi (LD) was tested in vivo, in vitro and by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Experimental study: LD was conditioned in four pigs for three weeks before Fontan connection by valved conduit wrapped with LD. Mock circuit: Inflatable cuff wrapped around valved conduit provided intermittent external compression, with pressure and flow measured at driving pressure of 8 or 16 mmHg.