Effect of Organic and Chemical Fertilizer on the Diversity of Rhizosphere and Leaf Microbial Composition in Sunflower Plant.

Applying organic manure to crops positively impacts the soil microbial community which is negatively impacted when chemical fertilizers are used. Organic manures also add new microbes to the soil in addition to influencing the growth of native ones. Metagenomic analysis of different organic manures, soil, and pot culture experiments conducted under various fertilizer conditions constitute the primary methodologies employed in this study.

Growth enhancement and changes in bacterial microbiome of cucumber plants exhibited by biopriming with some native bacteria.

This study investigated the impact of a mixture of six endophytic bacterial strains isolated from cucumber plants on the growth and microbiome diversity of six cucumber traditional varieties and hybrids. Six bacterial species were isolated and identified by 16 s rRNA sequencing. All the bacteria showed plant growth promoting traits.

Comparative metataxonamic analyses of seeds and leaves of traditional varieties and hybrids of cucumber ( L.) reveals distinct and core microbiome.

Profiling the endophytic microbiome of different tissues and varieties of agricultural crops can help to understand i) the tissue specific and varietal specific microbes associated with the plants ii) their potential role in growth, stress tolerance, disease resistance, and yield of the plants. Comparative microbiome profiling across various varieties and hybrids will also be useful to identify the plant's core microbiome. The main objective of the work is to profile and study the microbiome of traditional varieties in comparison with hybrids of cucumber, which would help to understand the microbiome structure in developing consortia to engineer the microbiome of modern hybrids, for useful phenotypes.

Rice WRKY13 TF protein binds to motifs in the promoter region to regulate downstream disease resistance-related genes.

In plants, pathogen resistance is brought about by the binding of certain transcription factor (TF) proteins to the cis-elements of certain target genes. These cis-elements are present upstream in the motif of the promoters of each gene. This ensures the binding of a specific TF to a specific promoter, therefore regulating the expression of that gene.

Proteome Responses to Individual Pathogens and Abiotic Conditions in Rice Seedlings.

Rice plants under field conditions experience various biotic and abiotic stresses and are adapted to survive using a molecular cross-talk of genes and their protein products based on the severity of a given stress. Seedlings of cultivated variety ASD16 (resistant to fungal disease, blast; tolerant to abiotic stress, salinity) were subjected to salt, drought, high temperature and low temperature stress as well as infection by and pv. (causing reemerging diseases such as sheath blight and leaf blight), respectively, the sheath blight and bacterial leaf blight pathogens.

Sheath blight of rice: a review and identification of priorities for future research.

Rice sheath blight research should prioritise optimising biological control approaches, identification of resistance gene mechanisms and application in genetic improvement and smart farming for early disease detection. Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-1A, is one of the most devasting diseases of the crop. To move forward with effective crop protection against sheath blight, it is important to review the published information related to pathogenicity and disease management and to determine areas of research that require deeper study.

Variations in the Structure and Evolution of Rice Genes in and Genotypes and their Co-expression Network in Mediating Disease Resistance.

WRKY transcription factor (TF) family regulates many functions in plant growth and development and also during biotic and abiotic stress. In this study, 101 TF gene models in and rice were used to conduct evolutionary analysis, gene structure analysis, and motif composition. Co-expression analysis was carried out first by selecting the differentially expressing genes that showed a significant change in response to the pathogens from Rice Oligonucleotide Array Database (ROAD).

Gene network mediated by WRKY13 to regulate resistance against sheath infecting fungi in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

OsWRKY13 TF gene is known to play a regulatory role of signaling in physiological pathways related to either development or disease resistance in rice plants. Rice cultivars IR 50 and TRY 3, resistant and susceptible respectively to sheath blight, TRY 3 and CO 43 resistant and susceptible respectively to sheath rot were challenged with fungal pathogens and disease scoring was carried out. Percent Disease Index (PDI) was significantly higher in susceptible varieties than resistant varieties.

Insights into the interaction of key biofilm proteins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 with TiO nanoparticle: An in silico analysis.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic biofilm forming bacteria which exist in wide range of environments such as water, soil and human body. In an earlier study, we used a system biology approach based analysis of biofilm forming genes of P. aeruginosa and their possible role in TiO nanoparticle binding.

Environmental proteomic studies: closer step to understand bacterial biofilms.

Advancement in proteome analytical techniques and the development of protein databases have been helping to understand the physiology and subtle molecular mechanisms behind biofilm formation in bacteria. This review is to highlight how the evolving proteomic approaches have revealed fundamental molecular processes underlying the formation and regulation of bacterial biofilms. Based on the survey of research reports available on differential expression of proteins in biofilms of bacterial from wide range of environments, four important cellular processes viz.

Cross-regulatory network in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm genes and TiO anatase induced molecular perturbations in key proteins unraveled by a systems biology approach.

A systems biology approach was used to study all the biofilm related genes of P. aeruginosa PAO1, and the interaction of titanium dioxide (TiO) anatase with biofilm related proteins. Among the 71 genes, the interactions of all the nodal pairs were extracted by STRING 10.

Prospects and progress in the production of valuable carotenoids: Insights from metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, and computational approaches.

Carotenoids are isoprenoid pigments synthesized exclusively by plants and microorganisms and play critical roles in light harvesting, photoprotection, attracting pollinators and phytohormone production. In recent years, carotenoids have been used for their health benefits due to their high antioxidant activity and are extensively utilized in food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis occurs throughout the life cycle of plants, with vibrant changes in composition based on developmental needs and responses to external environmental stimuli.

Gene-centric metegenome analysis reveals diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm gene orthologs in fresh water ecosystem.

Metagenomic analysis of biofilm forming bacteria in environmental samples remains challenging due to the non-availability of gene sequences of most of the uncultivable bacteria. Sequences of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1-UW genes involved either directly or indirectly in biofilm formation were analyzed using BLASTn to obtain matching sequences from different strain, species and genus. Conserved regions in the functional domain of the amino acid sequences were used to design common primers for direct PCR analysis of freshwater metagenomes.

Compatibility of Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens in growth promotion of groundnut ( Arachis hypogea L.).

We attempted to study the compatibility among plant beneficial bacteria in the culture level by growing them near in the nutrient agar plates. Among all the bacteria tested, Rhizobium was found to inhibit the growth of other bacteria. From the compatible group of PGPR, we have selected one biofertilizer (Azospirillum brasilense strain TNAU) and one biocontrol agent (Pseudomonas fluorescens strain PF1) for further studies in the pot culture.

Analysis of zntA gene in environmental Escherichia coli and additional implications on its role in zinc translocation.

Escherichia coli strains from sewage sample were screened for the presence and expression of heavy metal-translocating zntA gene by PCR and RT-PCR analysis with type culture of K-12 as standard strain. The strain which showed high level of gene expression (SBVP1) was chosen to further study the growth and heavy metal translocation. This superior strain was grown in the presence of ZnSO, Pb (CHCOO) and mixture of ZnSO, Pb(CHCOO) metal salts and the growth was observed at different time points.

Prevalence of plant beneficial and human pathogenic bacteria isolated from salad vegetables in India.

Background: The study aimed at enumerating, identifying and categorizing the endophytic cultivable bacterial community in selected salad vegetables (carrot, cucumber, tomato and onion). Vegetable samples were collected from markets of two vegetable hot spot growing areas, during two different crop harvest seasons. Crude and diluted vegetable extracts were plated and the population of endophytic bacteria was assessed based on morphologically distinguishable colonies.

Identifying a Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 4a Gene and Its Efficient Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation in Bixa orellana L.

Carotenoids are metabolized to apocarotenoids through the pathway catalysed by carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCOs). The apocarotenoids are economically important as it is known to have therapeutic as well as industrial applications. For instance, bixin from Bixa orellana and crocin from Crocus sativus are commercially used as a food colourant and cosmetics since prehistoric time.

Studies on interaction of norbixin with DNA: multispectroscopic and in silico analysis.

The interaction of food colorant norbixin with calf thymus DNA (CTDNA) was investigated through UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Circular Dichroism (CD), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), DNA melting studies, electrophoretic analysis, histological staining technique and molecular docking studies. The results indicated that norbixin interacted with CTDNA by partial intercalation mode. The binding constant (K) of norbixin with CTDNA was calculated to be 5.

Homotypic clustering of OsMYB4 binding site motifs in promoters of the rice genome and cellular-level implications on sheath blight disease resistance.

The promoter regions (1 kb upstream sequences) of 45,836 annotated genes of rice were analyzed for the presence of OsMYB4 binding sites using a Perl program algorithm. Based on the homotypic clustering concept, 113 promoters were found to have more than 4 binding site motifs. Among the downstream genes of these promoters, five genes which are known to have a role in disease resistance were selected and the binding capacity of OsMYB4 protein in the promoter regions was analyzed by docking studies.

Effect of dissolved inorganic carbon on β-carotene and fatty acid production in Dunaliella sp.

This study aimed to explore the effect of sodium bicarbonate (0-200 mM) on the production of β-carotene and lipid content in Dunaliella salina and Dunaliella bardawil. Total carotenoid and chlorophyll content were determined at regular intervals by a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The β-carotene and lipid contents were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

An in silico model for rapid identification of multiple bacteria in resource limited laboratories.

We have developed an in silico model for simplified detection of five major food borne bacteria using common PCR primer based on conserved region flanking a variable region in the first rRNA operon sequences. The RFLP pattern exhibited on virtual SmaI and MboI digestion were unique to each genus. This design is based on the combination of comparative sequence analysis, conventional PCR and restriction digestion methods.

Bowman-Birk inhibitor-like protein is secreted by sprouted pea seeds in response to induced colonization by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.

The interaction between the clinical isolate of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) SBANU8 and pea sprouts was compared with avirulent K 12. E. coli.

Evaluation of bioactive potential of an Aloe vera sterol extract.

We prepared a crude gel material from Aloe vera succulent leaf tissues. The ethanolic extract of lyophilized A. vera gel was used for the GC-MS analysis.