The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Optic Neuritis Subtypes From Ocular Fundus Photographs.

Background: Optic neuritis (ON) is a complex clinical syndrome that has diverse etiologies and treatments based on its subtypes. Notably, ON associated with multiple sclerosis (MS ON) has a good prognosis for recovery irrespective of treatment, whereas ON associated with other conditions including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease is often associated with less favorable outcomes. Delay in treatment of these non-MS ON subtypes can lead to irreversible vision loss.

Prevalence of Nutritional Anaemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Absence of Renal Impairment.

Background: Anemia is more common in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is more likely when glycemic control is poor. Anemia in T2DM can reduce quality of life and increase cardiovascular risk, and therefore, its prevalence and contributory factors in diabetic patients with normal kidney function are important to understand.

Aim And Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of anemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes and normal kidney function, focusing on blood glucose, serum creatinine, HbA1c, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Optic Neuritis Subtypes From Ocular Fundus Photographs.

Background: Optic neuritis (ON) is a complex clinical syndrome that has diverse etiologies and treatments based on its subtypes. Notably, ON associated with multiple sclerosis (MS ON) has a good prognosis for recovery irrespective of treatment, whereas ON associated with other conditions including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease is often associated with less favorable outcomes. Delay in treatment of these non-MS ON subtypes can lead to irreversible vision loss.

Quality of Life After Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Results From the AcT Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Recent evidence from thrombolysis trials indicates the noninferiority of intravenous tenecteplase to intravenous alteplase with respect to good functional outcomes in patients with acute stroke. We examined whether the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with acute stroke differs by the type of thrombolysis treatment received. In addition, we examined the association between the modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 1 and HRQOL and patient-reported return to prebaseline stroke functioning at 90 days.

Pearls & Oy-sters: Trigeminal Cystic Schwannoma Presenting With Foster Kennedy Syndrome, Sixth Nerve Palsy, and Focal Seizures.

Foster Kennedy syndrome refers to a finding of optic atrophy in one eye from direct compression of the optic nerve by a mass lesion and contralateral papilledema in the nonatrophic optic nerve caused by an increased intracranial pressure. When the fundoscopy finding is not due to a direct compressive mass, the term pseudo-Foster Kennedy syndrome is used; this can be caused by any process or processes that result in optic atrophy in one eye and optic disc edema in the other. Identifying Foster Kennedy syndrome in a patient calls for expedient neuroimaging looking for an intracranial mass lesion.

Intravenous tenecteplase compared with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke in Canada (AcT): a pragmatic, multicentre, open-label, registry-linked, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial.

Background: Intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase bolus followed by infusion is a global standard of care for patients with acute ischaemic stroke. We aimed to determine whether tenecteplase given as a single bolus might increase reperfusion compared with this standard of care.

Methods: In this multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, registry-linked, randomised, controlled trial (AcT), patients were enrolled from 22 primary and comprehensive stroke centres across Canada.

On the Value of Information in Status Update Systems.

The age of information (AoI) is now well established as a metric that measures the freshness of information delivered to a receiver from a source that generates status updates. This paper is motivated by the inherent value of packets arising in many cyber-physical applications (e.g.

A Rare Ocular Manifestation of Idiopathic Hypertrophic Cranial Pachymeningitis.

Idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis (IHCP) is a rare form of thickening of the dura mater. There are limited reports on the ocular manifestation of IHCP and its treatment. Up to our knowledge, there is no report on bilateral superior ophthalmic veins (SOV) dilatation with IHCP and there are only a few reports on anterior scleritis with IHCP.

Cytomegalovirus retinitis associated with high CD4 counts and DHEA abuse.

The most frequent ocular manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR). This infection is reportedly inversely proportional to the CD4 counts. Usually CMVR develops once the CD4 counts fall below 50/mm.

Three dimensional neuro-retinal rim thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness using high-definition optical coherence tomography for open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic capability of three-dimensional (3D) neuro-retinal rim thickness (NRR) with existing optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) scan parameters using high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT).

Design: Retrospective study.

Methods: Based on the mean deviation (MD) of the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA), the 152 subjects were categorized into mild (MD > - 6 dB, 100), moderate (MD - 6 to - 12 dB, 26), and severe (MD < - 12 dB, 26) glaucoma.

Compact OXC architecture, design and prototype development for flexible waveband routing optical networks.

A novel compact OXC node architecture that combines WSSs and arrays of small scale optical delivery-coupling type switches ("DCSWs") is proposed. Unlike conventional OXC nodes, the WSSs are only responsible for dynamic path bundling ("flexible waveband") while the small scale optical switches route bundled path groups. A network design algorithm that is aware of the routing scheme is also proposed, and numerical experiments elucidate that the necessary number of WSSs and amplifiers can be significantly reduced.

Obesity and Weight Loss in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Narrative Review.

Background: Most patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) are obese. Weight loss is felt to be an important factor in improving IIH. The mechanism by which weight loss leads to a reduction in elevated intracranial pressure is unclear.

Effective signaling of surface boundaries by L-vertices reflect the consistency of their contrast in natural images.

An L-vertex, the point at which two contours coterminate, provides highly reliable evidence that a surface terminates at that vertex, thus providing the strongest constraint on the extraction of shape from images (Guzman, 1968). Such vertices are pervasive in our visual world but the importance of a statistical regularity about them has been underappreciated: The contours defining the vertex are (almost) always of the same direction of contrast with respect to the background (i.e.

Magnitude of Hematoma Volume Measurement Error in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background And Purpose: Limiting intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) expansion is a common target for acute ICH studies and, therefore, accurate measurement of hematoma volumes is required. We investigated the amount of hematoma volume difference between computed tomography scans that can be considered as measurement error.

Methods: Five raters performed baseline (<6 hours) and 24-hour total hematoma (ICH+IVH) computer-assisted volumetric analysis from 40 selected ICH patients from the Predicting Hematoma Growth and Outcome in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Using Contrast Bolus CT (PREDICT) study cohort twice.

Perihematomal Edema Is Greater in the Presence of a Spot Sign but Does Not Predict Intracerebral Hematoma Expansion.

Background And Purpose: Perihematomal edema volume may be related to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) volume at baseline and, consequently, with hematoma expansion. However, the relationship between perihematomal edema and hematoma expansion has not been well established. We aimed to investigate the relationship among baseline perihematomal edema, the computed tomographic angiography spot sign, hematoma expansion, and clinical outcome in patients with acute ICH.

Tenecteplase-tissue-type plasminogen activator evaluation for minor ischemic stroke with proven occlusion.

Background And Purpose: Minor stroke and transient ischemic attack with an intracranial occlusion are associated with neurological deterioration and disability. Tenecteplase (TNK-tissue-type plasminogen activator) compared with alteplase is easier to administer, has a longer half-life, higher fibrin specificity, possibly a lower rate of intracranial hemorrhage, and may be an ideal thrombolytic agent in this population.

Methods: TNK-Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Evaluation for Minor Ischemic Stroke With Proven Occlusion (TEMPO-1) was a multicenter, prospective, uncontrolled, TNK-tissue-type plasminogen activator dose-escalation, safety, and feasibility trial.

Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke.

Background: Among patients with a proximal vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation, 60 to 80% of patients die within 90 days after stroke onset or do not regain functional independence despite alteplase treatment. We evaluated rapid endovascular treatment in addition to standard care in patients with acute ischemic stroke with a small infarct core, a proximal intracranial arterial occlusion, and moderate-to-good collateral circulation.

Methods: We randomly assigned participants to receive standard care (control group) or standard care plus endovascular treatment with the use of available thrombectomy devices (intervention group).

Baroreflex failure, sympathetic storm, and cerebral vasospasm in fibulin-4 cutis laxa.

Sudden, severe, and life-threatening, the crises associated with baroreflex failure are diagnostically challenging, particularly in children, a population in which it has rarely been described. The baroreflex failure syndrome results from impaired afferent baroreceptive input and manifests with autonomic stimulation-induced surges in blood pressure and heart rate accompanied by distinct signs, including thunderclap headache, diaphoresis, and emotional instability. Although the adult literature includes cases of severe headache in baroreflex failure,(1) (,) (2) we present the first case of a child with recurrent thunderclap headache and cerebral vasospasm with baroreflex failure secondary to vascular complications of a rare genetic connective tissue disorder.

Planimetric hematoma measurement in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage: is total volume a preferred target for reliable analysis?

Background And Purpose: Reliable quantification of both intracerebral hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) volume is important for hemostatic trials. We evaluated the reliability of computer-assisted planimetric volume measurements of IVH.

Methods: Computer-assisted planimetry was used to quantify IVH volume.

Prediction of haematoma growth and outcome in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage using the CT-angiography spot sign (PREDICT): a prospective observational study.

Background: In patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), early haemorrhage expansion affects clinical outcome. Haemostatic treatment reduces haematoma expansion, but fails to improve clinical outcomes in many patients. Proper selection of patients at high risk for haematoma expansion seems crucial to improve outcomes.

Serological IgG avidity test for ocular toxoplasmosis.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunoglobulin (Ig) G avidity of serological toxoplasmosis testing in patients with ocular inflammation and to determine the clinical manifestations of ocular toxoplasmosis.

Methods: A retrospective review of all patients presenting with ocular inflammation to the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia between 2005 and 2009 was undertaken. Visual acuity, clinical manifestations at presentation, toxoplasmosis antibody testing, and treatment records were analyzed.

Orbital apex syndrome after tooth extraction in an immunocompromised patient.

A 60 year-old man presented with acute on set of left eye proptosis and ptosis. It was associated with poor vision, eye pain and restriction of eye movement of the same eye after 5 hours post left upper molar tooth extraction. The visual acuity in the left eye was hand movement.