Recent trends and impact of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in modern analysis.

An optical biosensor is a specialized analytical device that utilizes the principles of optics and light in bimolecular processes. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is a phenomenon in the realm of nanophotonics that occurs when metallic nanoparticles (NPs) or nanostructures interact with incident light. Conversely, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an influential analytical technique based on Raman scattering, wherein it amplifies the Raman signals of molecules when they are situated near specific and specially designed nanostructures.

Sustainable approaches to analyzing phenolic compounds: a green chemistry perspective.

Innovative and eco-friendly methodologies for the determination of phenolic compounds, showing a paradigm shift in analytical chemistry toward sustainability. Phenolic compounds, valued for their diverse health benefits, have historically been analyzed using methods that often involve hazardous solvents and energy-intensive processes. This review focuses on green analytical chemistry principles, emphasizing sustainability, reduced environmental impact, and analytical efficiency.

An insight into recent updates on analytical techniques for bioactive alkaloids.

Introduction: Alkaloids represent a wide class of naturally existing nitrogen-containing organic compounds having diverse biological activities. They are primary bioactive substances extracted from diverse plant parts. Due to their diverse biological activities, they are frequently used as medicines.

Oxymatrine and insulin resistance: Focusing on mechanistic intricacies involve in diabetes associated cardiomyopathy via SIRT1/AMPK and TGF-β signaling pathway.

Cardiomyopathy (CDM) and related morbidity and mortality are increasing at an alarming rate, in large part because of the increase in the number of diabetes mellitus cases. The clinical consequence associated with CDM is heart failure (HF) and is considerably worse for patients with diabetes mellitus, as compared to nondiabetics. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by structural and functional malfunctioning of the heart, which includes diastolic dysfunction followed by systolic dysfunction, myocyte hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunctional remodeling, and myocardial fibrosis.

Recent advances in pharmacotherapy for diabetic nephropathy: current perspectives and future directions.

Chronic diabetes mellitus is associated with various complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, vasculopathy, dermatopathy and encephalopathy. Nephropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus, and the morbidity and mortality due to diabetic nephropathy is constantly progressing in industrialized nations. No satisfactory therapeutic option is currently available to treat patients with nephropathy except for fewer agents like angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin AT(1) receptor blockers and few antioxidants, which have been shown to improve the function of diabetic kidney to some extent.

Resident cardiac mast cells: are they the major culprit in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy?

Mast cells originate from pluripotent progenitor cells in bone marrow and are major players in the inflammation process. The involvements of mast cells in various cardiovascular complications such as arrhythmias, ischaemia reperfusion injury and graft rejection are well documented. Moreover, recent studies suggest the involvement of mast cells in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.

PPAR dual agonists: are they opening Pandora's Box?

Cardiovascular disorders are the major cause of mortality in patients of diabetes mellitus. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily comprising of three subtypes such as PPARalpha, PPARgamma and PPARdelta/beta. Activation of PPARalpha reduces triglycerides and involves in regulation of energy homeostasis.