Natural antimicrobial peptide complexes in the fighting of antibiotic resistant biofilms: Calliphora vicina medicinal maggots.

Biofilms, sedimented microbial communities embedded in a biopolymer matrix cause vast majority of human bacterial infections and many severe complications such as chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. Biofilms' resistance to the host immunity and antibiotics makes this kind of infection particularly intractable. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a ubiquitous facet of innate immunity in animals.

Insect Antimicrobial Peptide Complexes Prevent Resistance Development in Bacteria.

In recent decades much attention has been paid to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as natural antibiotics, which are presumably protected from resistance development in bacteria. However, experimental evolution studies have revealed prompt resistance increase in bacteria to any individual AMP tested. Here we demonstrate that naturally occurring compounds containing insect AMP complexes have clear advantage over individual peptide and small molecule antibiotics in respect of drug resistance development.

[Healthcare-associated infections. The current state of the problem].

The current article elucidates some novel trends in the field of healthcare-associated infections emerged in the foreign scientific medical publications over the last year and a half (January 2013 - June 2014). The following topics are covered: definition of the term, the body of publications bibliometrics, classification, statistics, patient-to-professional infection transmission, control and prevention, specialized national organizations, new guidelines and a new monograph on the theme. The conducted analysis demonstrates the significance of the topic and the high rate of research in the field.

[Medical-and-economic substantiation of rational antibacterial therapy for patients with pleural empyema in the conditions of military medical institutions].

We have performed a post-hoc analysis of the results of using antibacterial therapy in patients with pleural empyema. The cost-effectiveness analysis of rational and empiric antibacterial therapies was performed. The cost-effectiveness ratio for rational antibacterial therapy was lower than for empiric one (2889 and 4480 rubles for 1 treated patient correspondingly).

[Primary causative agents of infectious complications in injured with severe trauma].

Aim: Study etiologic structure of infectious complications in injured with severe-trauma.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis of results of therapy outcomes in 5966 wounded and injured (1999 - 2009) and prospective observation of 142 injured (2008 - 2009) by using epidemiologic, statistical and microbiological methods was carried out.

Results: Frequency of isolation and specific weight of causative agents depending on localization of infectious complication was established.

[Sanitary-bacteriological control of artificial ventilation apparatuses in the prevention of nosocomial respiratory tract infections in a surgical hospital].

Airway damage in intensive care unit patients at surgical hospitals is a common manifestation of nosocomial pyoseptic infections. Artificial ventilation (AV) apparatuses used in a therapeutic and diagnostic process are vital to the transmission of their pathogens. The paper shows that various units and surfaces of the apparatuses are differently contaminated with nosocomial microorganisms.

[Problems of prevalance and resistance of nosocomial Klebsiella pneumonia in hospitals of Russia].

Prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae among gramnegative pathogens of nosocomial infections in intensive care units of 33 hospitals of 22 towns in Russia was investigated. Antibiotic susceptibility and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production were tested in 420 nosocomial K. pneumoniae isolates.

[Detection of the genes of pyrogenic toxins of superantigens in clinical isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus].

The content of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) genes, coding the synthesis of staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C (sea, seb, sec) and the toxin of the toxic shock syndrome (tst-H) which was classified with pyrogenic toxins of superantigens (PTSAgs), was studied with the use of PCR amplification. The study revealed the specific features of the content of genes sea and sec, detected in epidemic strains, identified earlier and found to circulate in Russian hospitals.

Antimicrobial resistance of nosocomial strains of Staphylococcus aureus in Russia: results of a prospective study.

A total of 879 Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from 17 medical institutions in different regions of Russia were tested. Susceptibility to 18 antimicrobials was determined by agar dilution in accordance with the NCCLS recommendations. The most potent antimicrobials were glycopeptides, linezolid, and fusidic acid, to which no resistance was found.