Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome in a young adult - A surgeon's dilemma with rectal carcinoma.

The presentation of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is very similar to a wide variety of conditions including inflammatory bowel diseases, ischemic colitis and rectal carcinoma. Histopathological examination comes as an important tool for its diagnosis. Hence, high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis of this rare condition.

Comparison of outcomes of laparoscopic hernioplasty with and without fascial repair (IPOM-Plus vs IPOM) for ventral hernia: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Intra-peritoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) repair, a type of Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair (LVHR), comprises bridging the defect from the peritoneal side with a composite mesh. Recently, IPOM-Plus has become the recommended type of LVHR in which the defect in the fascia is sutured before placing the mesh.

Materials And Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study conducted at Shree Birendra Hospital (SBH), Nepal.

Status of self-esteem in medical students at a college in Kathmandu: A descriptive cross-sectional study.

 Self-esteem is vital to living a happy, confident and content life. Medical students experience various forms of stress due to academic, financial and social pressures which could affect their levels of self-esteem. This study aims to study the status of self-esteem among undergraduates of a medical college at Tribhuvan University, Nepal.

Rouviere's sulcus - An anatomical landmark for safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been established as the gold standard treatment for symptomatic gallstones, however surgeons face the risk of injuring bile ducts and vessels due to the inherent limitations of laparoscopy.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done in the Department of Surgery, Shree Birendra Hospital (SBH) on patients who were posted for LC. The study period was through April 2021 to September 2021.

An audit of patients admitted to hospital in Nepal for COPD exacerbation.

Objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a large and increasing problem in low- and middle-income countries; Nepal is no exception. We aimed to obtain information on patient characteristics and the level of care provided to patients admitted for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in two Nepalese hospitals and to compare the given care with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study.

Willingness of Nepalese medical and nursing students to volunteer during COVID-19 pandemic: A single-centered cross-sectional study.

Background: Medical students, being more familiar with medical situations, can play a vital role as volunteers during medical crises like mass casualty emergencies and epidemics. This study was conducted to know the willingness of medical and nursing students to volunteer during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical and nursing students of a medical college in Kathmandu.

Vitamin D Deficiency among Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a common condition prevalent among both developed and developing countries where it is seen mostly in females. It has been linked to various skeletal and non-skeletal diseases. This study was done to find out the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and clinical features of deficient patients attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital.

Topical nitroglycerin for management of peripheral extravasation of vasopressors: a case report.

Peripheral route for administration of vasopressors is often opted due to resource limitations or as a rescue until central venous access is established. This, however, is not devoid of complications, the most common being extravasation and tissue injury. Phentolamine is the only drug approved for management of vasopressor extravasation; however, successful use of other agents has been reported.

Acupuncture induced pneumothorax: A case report.

Various forms of alternative medicinal practices are gaining popularity. With this, there will be rise in the complications arising from these practices. Acupuncture is also such practice which though safe can rarely cause life-threatening complications.

Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis with Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction: A Case Report.

Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease characterized by wide-spread vascular lesions and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. It is an immune mediated rheumatic disease with the presence of an immunological dysfunction of T lymphocytes, especially Th1 and Th17 subtypes. It affects gastrointestinal, pulmonary, vascular, musculoskeletal, cardiac and various other systems.

Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients in a Tertiary Care Center.

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmias.Recently there has been evidence of higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation in obstructive sleep apnea patients compared to the general population. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of atrial fibrillation in patients of obstructive sleep apnea in a tertiary care center.

Oxidative stress and nutritional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Oxidative stress and malnutrition are shown to have pathogenic effect in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

Aim: This study was done to assess the burden of oxidative stress in COPD and to determine its relation to their nutritional status.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 COPD cases from emergency and medical ward and meeting inclusion criteria, along with age, sex and occupation (mainly farmers, housewives and drivers) matched 100 controls without COPD and meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled.

Systemic lupus erythematosus in males: a case series.

The reported prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the general population is 20-150 cases per 100,000 population. The female to male ratio ranges from 7-15:1. An estrogen effect has been suggested by a number of observations for this difference.

Community-based screening for chronic kidney disease, hypertension and diabetes in Dharan.

Introduction: Nepal cannot afford renal replacement therapy for End Stage Renal Disease due to lack of resources. Early diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease and its risk factors may reduce the need of renal replacement therapy.

Methods: A community-based screening on, 3218 people ≥20 years were assessed by door-to-door survey in Dharan, Nepal.

Increasing failure of miltefosine in the treatment of Kala-azar in Nepal and the potential role of parasite drug resistance, reinfection, or noncompliance.

Background: Miltefosine (MIL), the only oral drug for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), is currently the first-line therapy in the VL elimination program of the Indian subcontinent. Given the paucity of anti-VL drugs and the looming threat of resistance, there is an obvious need for close monitoring of clinical efficacy of MIL.

Methods: In a cohort study of 120 VL patients treated with MIL in Nepal, we monitored the clinical outcomes up to 12 months after completion of therapy and explored the potential role of drug compliance, parasite drug resistance, and reinfection.

Rheumatic heart disease revisited: patterns of valvular involvement from a consecutive cohort in eastern Nepal.

Background: The burden of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) continues to be a major contributor to morbidity and premature death in poor and developing countries. We investigated patterns of valvular involvement in patients with RHD as observed in a large tertiary care hospital in eastern Nepal.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed transthoracic echocardiography reports from patients diagnosed with RHD between June 1999 and February 2011.

Clinical features and histological patterns of lupus nephritis in Eastern Nepal.

To determine the clinical profile and patterns of lupus nephritis patients in Eastern Nepal, we studied 38 patients fulfilling the 1982 revised criteria of American College of Rheumatology for systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), followed up from January 2004 to January 2008. Arthritis was a common initial feature in addition to variable cutaneous, cardiac, pulmonary and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Renal biopsy showed grade 1 changes in 5 (13.

Melioidosis imported into Nepal.

This is a report of the first recognized case of melioidosis in Nepal. Illness began 1 month after returning from Malaysia after a 1 y stay. The case highlights the importance of ascertaining the travel history in any patient with a suspected infectious disease in this age of global travel.

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.

This report describes a case of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. No specific exposure was identified. Treatment with intravenous amphotericin B was associated with marked clinical improvement, but subsequent fatal relapse while still on therapy.