Noninvasive Pulmonary Hemodynamic Evaluation in Athletes With Exercise-Induced Hypoxemia.

Background: Pulmonary capillary stress failure is potentially involved in exercise-induced hypoxemia (ie, a significant fall in hemoglobin oxygen saturation [Spo]) during sea level exercise in endurance-trained athletes. It is unknown whether there are specific properties of pulmonary vascular function in athletes exhibiting oxygen desaturation.

Methods: Ten endurance-trained athletes with exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH), nine endurance-trained athletes with no exercise-induced hypoxemia (NEIH), and 10 untrained control subjects underwent an incremental exercise stress echocardiography coupled with lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (Dlco) and lung diffusion capacity for nitric oxide (Dlno) testing.

Pulmonary Vascular Function and Aerobic Exercise Capacity at Moderate Altitude.

Purpose: There has been suggestion that a greater "pulmonary vascular reserve" defined by a low pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and a high lung diffusing capacity (DL) allow for a superior aerobic exercise capacity. How pulmonary vascular reserve might affect exercise capacity at moderate altitude is not known.

Methods: Thirty-eight healthy subjects underwent an exercise stress echocardiography of the pulmonary circulation, combined with measurements of DL for nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) and a cardiopulmonary exercise test at sea level and at an altitude of 2250 m.

Exercise-Induced Hypoxaemia Developed at Sea-Level Influences Responses to Exercise at Moderate Altitude.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of exercise-induced hypoxaemia (EIH) developed at sea-level on exercise responses at moderate acute altitude.

Methods: Twenty three subjects divided in three groups of individuals: highly trained with EIH (n = 7); highly trained without EIH (n = 8) and untrained participants (n = 8) performed two maximal incremental tests at sea-level and at 2,150 m. Haemoglobin O2 saturation (SpO2), heart rate, oxygen uptake (VO2) and several ventilatory parameters were measured continuously during the tests.

Acute, Exercise Dose-Dependent Impairment in Atrial Performance During an Endurance Race: 2D Ultrasound Speckle-Tracking Strain Analysis.

Objectives: This study sought to understand and characterize the acute atrial response to endurance exercise and the influence of the amount of exercise performed.

Background: Endurance exercise seems to be recognized as a risk factor for developing atrial arrhythmia. Atrial geometrical and functional remodeling may be the underlying substrate.

Inter-individual variability in right ventricle adaptation after an endurance race.

Background: Right ventricle (RV) dysfunction has been described in athletes after endurance races. We aimed to understand and characterize the RV response to endurance exercise, the impact of individual variability and the effects of the amount of exercise.

Methods And Results: Echocardiography was performed in 55 healthy adults at baseline and after a three-stage trail race: short (14 km; n = 17); medium (35 km; n = 21); and long (56 km; n = 17).

Epidemiological and medical aspects of canyoning rescue operations.

Aim: To describe the characteristics of canyoning rescue operations (CRO), type and severity of injuries or illnesses, and on-site medical procedures.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis of all CRO data from an emergency medical rescue team in Aragon, Spain, between 1 August 1999 and 31 July 2009.

Results: A total of 520 patients were identified, with a male to female ratio of 1.

Pausa para tu Salud: reduction of weight and waistlines by integrating exercise breaks into workplace organizational routine.

Introduction: Proactive worksite strategies that change the physical or sociocultural environment(s) to incorporate obligatory physical activity may be necessary to engage sedentary people. This study describes implementation and evaluation of an intervention, Pausa para tu Salud (Pause for Your Health), that integrated a brief period of group exercise into the workday.

Methods: An uncontrolled pretest-post-test study design tested the effects of integrating daily 10-minute exercise breaks during paid work time during January 2003 through January 2004.

[Place of death of elderly persons in Catalonia].

Study Objective: To describe the place of death of the elderly and to analyze the factors associated with death occurring in an acute care hospital.

Design: Cross-sectional interview of a randomized sample of individuals aged 65 or over who died during the year 1998. Three to four months after the death of the elderly subject, the main caregiver was interviewed about the socio-demographic characteristics, chronic conditions, functional and cognitive status, and use of health services in the months previous to the death, as well as the place where death occurred and their preferences on this site.

Apo A-I promoter polymorphism influences basal HDL-cholesterol and its response to pravastatin therapy.

Statins decrease cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, essentially, by reducing LDL-cholesterol levels and, additionally, by increasing HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Environmental and genetic factors are known to affect LDL-C response to statins but less is known regarding HDL-C. We have evaluated the lipid and lipoprotein response to 20 mg/day of pravastatin for 16 weeks in relation to the G/A polymorphism in the promoter region of the apo A-I gene in 397 hypercholesterolaemic subjects followed-up on an out-patient basis.

Effect of apoE genotype on the hypolipidaemic response to pravastatin in an outpatient setting.

Background: Considerable variability exists in the plasma lipid and lipoprotein response to statin treatment due, in part, to genetic factors. The gene for apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is polymorphic and the different genotypes modulate baseline lipid levels. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the apoE genotype on the lipoprotein response to pravastatin treatment in an outpatient population followed-up in several different clinics across Spain.

[Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and coronary disease].

Background: Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) plays an important role in atherogenesis. Apo E is polymorphic with three codominant alleles: *2, *3 and *4. Inthis study we evaluated the association between *4 allele and coronary heart disease in hypercholesterolemic subjects from Spain.