Correlation and agreement between arterial and venous blood gas analysis in patients with hypotension-an emergency department-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Blood gas analysis is integral to assessing emergency department (ED) patients with acute respiratory or metabolic disease. Arterial blood gas (ABG) is the gold standard for oxygenation, ventilation, and acid-base status but is painful to obtain. Peripheral venous blood gas (VBG) is a valuable alternative as it is less painful and easy to collect.

Snakebite Causing Facial and Lingual Tremors: A Case Report.

Snakebite is a significant public health problem causing around 2.7 envenomations and 138,000 deaths globally. History may sometimes be unclear or misleading, which can cause a delay in diagnosis.

Characterizing the surface charge of synthetic nanomembranes by the streaming potential method.

The inference of the surface charge of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated and uncoated silicon membranes with nanoscale pore sizes from streaming potential measurements in the presence of finite electric double layer (EDL) effects is studied theoretically and experimentally. The developed theoretical model for inferring the pore wall surface charge density from streaming potential measurements is applicable to arbitrary pore cross-sectional shapes and accounts for the effect of finite salt concentration on the ionic mobilities and the thickness of the deposited layer of PEG. Theoretical interpretation of the streaming potential data collected from silicon membranes having nanoscale pore sizes, with/without pore wall surface modification with PEG, indicates that finite electric double layer (EDL) effects in the pore-confined electrolyte significantly affect the interpretation of the membrane charge and that surface modification with PEG leads to a reduction in the pore wall surface charge density.

Characterizing dispersion in microfluidic channels.

Dispersion or spreading of analyte bands is a barrier to achieving high resolution in microfluidic separations. The role of dispersion in separations is reviewed with emphasis on metrics, sources and common principles of analysis. Three sources of dispersion (a) inhomogeneous flow fields, (b) solute wall interactions and (c) force fields normal to channel walls are studied in detail.

Biomolecular transport through hemofiltration membranes.

A theoretical model for filtration of large solutes through a pore in the presence of transmembrane pressures, applied/induced electric fields, and dissimilar interactions at the pore entrance and exit is developed to characterize and predict the experimental performance of a hemofiltration membrane with nanometer scale pores designed for a proposed implantable Renal Assist Device (RAD). The model reveals that the sieving characteristics of the membrane can be improved by applying an external electric field, and ensuring a smaller ratio of the pore-feed and pore-permeate equilibrium partitioning coefficients when diffusion is present. The model is then customized to study the sieving characteristics for both charged and uncharged solutes in the slit-shaped nanopores of the hemofiltration device for the RAD.

Electroosmotic flow in a rectangular channel with variable wall zeta-potential: comparison of numerical simulation with asymptotic theory.

Electroosmotic flow in a straight micro-channel of rectangular cross-section is computed numerically for several situations where the wall zeta-potential is not constant but has a specified spatial variation. The results of the computation are compared with an earlier published asymptotic theory based on the lubrication approximation: the assumption that any axial variations take place on a long length scale compared to a characteristic channel width. The computational results are found to be in excellent agreement with the theory even when the scale of axial variations is comparable to the channel width.