Enhancing consultation time for primary paediatric care in the outpatient department.

Objective: To improve the duration and quality of consultation times during paediatric ambulatory care.

Methods And Analysis: This, before and after study, compares consultation time and core activities. All the subjects attended the paediatric outpatient department (P-OPD) between 1 July 2013 and 31 October 2013.

Antibiotic Therapy for Children with Diarrhea in a Low-Resource Setting: A Syndromic Approach.

Objective: To compare age and protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) - the predispositions - and fever and abnormal leukocyte count (ALC) - the SIRS criteria - in hospitalized children with and without diarrhea.

Design: A prospective case-control study.

Setting: A pediatric ward of a general hospital in a low-resource setting.

Double burden of malnutrition among Indian schoolchildren and its measurement: a cross-sectional study in a single school.

Objective: This cross-sectional study set in a single school on the outskirts of a large city aimed to document the extent of double burden of malnutrition (coexistence of overnutrition and undernutrition) among Indian schoolchildren from lower socioeconomic groups, and to determine if mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) can be used as a proxy for body mass index (BMI).

Subjects: The total number of participants was 1444, comprising 424 girls and 1020 boys belonging to playgroups and grades 1 to 7.

Measurements: Anthropometric measurements, such as participants' MUAC, height and weight were measured using standard techniques.

Reinforcing kangaroo mother care uptake in resource limited settings.

Background: The national and global coverage of kangaroo mother care (KMC) remains low. Hence, adjuncts to KMC may be necessary, especially on day1 of life when neonatal mortality is high. It is important to provide warmth and reduce mortality in preterm low birth weight (LBW) infants in the community/hospital setting.

Introducing Donor Milk in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Developing Country's Perspective.

Objective: To replace 75 % of formula feeds by donor human milk (DHM) feeds in the first three days of life in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods: It was a prospective observational study in the NICU in a resource-limited set up in India. All neonates admitted during December 2013 and August 2014, were included in the study without any exclusion.

Out-of-pocket nonmedical expenses associated with out-patient treatment of common childhood illnesses.

Background: Out-of-pocket expenses, medical and non-medical, have an impoverishing effect on the family.

Objective: Determine non-medical out-of-pocket expenses incurred during out-patient attendance for primary care services.

Methods: A descriptive survey was undertaken at a rural medical college using interviewer-administered questionnaire to parents of children <6 years over a period of 6 weeks.

Home-made continuous positive airways pressure device may reduce mortality in neonates with respiratory distress in low-resource setting.

Objective: To study the effectiveness of locally assembled low-cost version for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) delivery.

Patients: Babies with respiratory distress from two contiguous periods, one with CPAP therapy and the other without, were compared for following parameters: birth weight, gestational age, severity of respiratory distress, as assessed by Silverman-Anderson retraction score (SARS), maximum SARS, days taken for score to become 0, duration of oxygen therapy, hospital stay and the outcome.

Results: The profile of subjects was comparable in two groups.

Teaching primary care in pediatric outpatient department in developing countries: a feasibility study.

We studied the feasibility of teaching primary care to undergraduate medical students in an outpatient department (OPD) using a specially developed teaching package. Teaching was conducted in four 30 min sessions during a 4 week rotation term, and a test was offered at the end. We concluded, on the basis of grades achieved in the test, that it is feasible to impart primary care knowledge through OPD teaching using structured teaching goals for teachers.

Umbilical venous blood gas analysis for neonatal assessment.

Umbilical venous pH is claimed to mirror fetal acid-base status. Importantly, it is easier to perform. The aim of this study is to : 1.

Comparison of sepsis definitions in a resource poor environment.

Sepsis is an important cause of childhood death in developing countries. The International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference (IPSCC) guidelines for definition has five categories and requires complex information, which may be difficult to access in resource poor settings, possibly leading to under-diagnosis and problems with triage, referral and documentation for public health assessments. We aimed to provide a workable system for grading sepsis categories, assess this against the IPSCC definition and use this information to guide further adaptations.

Syndromic management of common illnesses in hospitalized children and neonates: a cost identification study.

Objective: To find out drug treatment cost per illness per patient admitted to pediatric ward.

Methods: Patients admitted to pediatric ward over a period of 1 year were studied without exclusions. Following presentations were studied: fever, rapid breathing, diarrhea, severe malnutrition and neurological problems such as altered conscious level or convulsion.

Comparative evaluation of efficacy and safety of cefotaxime-sulbactam with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in children with lower respiratory tract infections.

Objective: Beta-lactamase producing bacteria present a major problem in treating lower respiratory tract infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of cefotaxime-sulbactam combination versus amoxicillin-clavulanic acid injection as an alternative therapeutic option for treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in pediatric patients.

Methods: This randomized, multicentric, comparative study enrolled 102 inpatients with lower respiratory tract infections, in the age range of 3 months - 12 years.

Childhood epilepsy: Management in resource-limited setting.

Objective: To optimize the use of phenobarbital and/or phenytoin as frontline drugs for treatment of childhood epilepsy.

Design: Before-and -after study.

Setting: Epilepsy clinic at paediatric OPD, Sassoon General Hospital, Pune.