Position of Sulfonylureas in the Current ERA: Review of National and International Guidelines.

Sulfonylureas (SUs) are one of the commonly prescribed oral anti-hyperglycemic agents (AHA) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), either in combination with metformin therapy or alone. However, concern about cardiovascular safety has limited the use of SUs in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, lack of uniformity in the national and international guidelines regarding the positioning of SUs in the management of diabetes has also been reported.

Mortality and Clinical Outcomes among Patients with COVID-19 and Diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a decisive risk factor for severe illness in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). India is home to a large number of people with DM, and many of them were infected with COVID-19. It is critical to understand the impact of DM on mortality and other clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection from this region.

Intensification of Gla-100 with Prandial Insulin: A Stepwise Progression Toward Glycemic Control.

The inadequate control of postprandial glucose (PPG) excursions, are linked in some studies with cardiovascular disease. Even though basal insulins, such as insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Gla-100), maintain overall glycemic control, effective PPG control eventually requires intensification of therapy by adding prandial insulins. Compared to conventional basal-bolus or premixed approaches, a stepwise basal-plus or basal-prandial intensification regimen involving the addition of one, two, or three prandial insulins to basal therapy such as Gla-100, has received much attention in recent times.

Liraglutide effect and action in diabetes-In (LEAD-In): A prospective observational study assessing safety and effectiveness of liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated under routine clinical practice conditions in India.

Background: This 26-week, open-label observational study assessed the incidence and type of adverse events (AEs) associated with liraglutide use according to the standard clinical practice settings and the local label in India.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1416 adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with liraglutide in 125 sites across India were included in the study. Participants were newly diagnosed or already receiving antidiabetic medications.

Initiating insulin therapy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

The primary clinical goals to be achieved with insulin initiation are elimination of ketosis and hyperglycemia with prevention of chronic complications. Insulin therapy is the mainstay in management of type 1 diabetes, which should be aimed at achieving good glycemic control, with achievement of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) <7.5%, pre-meal self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) of 90-130 mg/dL, bed time SMBG of 100-140 mg/dL, mean blood glucose level of 120-160 mg/dL and no ketonuria.

Clinical experience of switching from glargine or neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin to insulin detemir in type 2 diabetes: Observations from the Indian cohort in the A1chieve study.

Aim: To explore the clinical safety and effectiveness of insulin detemir (IDet) in a subgroup of Indian patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) switched from either insulin glargine (IGlar) or neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin in the 24-week, non-interventional A1chieve study.

Materials And Methods: Indian patients with T2D switching from pre-study IGlaror NPH insulin to IDet were included. Safety and effectiveness outcomes were evaluated by the physicians in local clinical settings.

Current status of management, control, complications and psychosocial aspects of patients with diabetes in India: Results from the DiabCare India 2011 Study.

Objectives: DiabCare India 2011 was a cross-sectional study in patients with diabetes mellitus, undertaken to investigate the relationship between diabetes control, management and complications in a subset of urban Indian diabetes patients treated at referral diabetes care centres in India.

Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional, multicentre (330 centres) survey in 6168 diabetes patients treated at general hospitals, diabetes clinics and referral clinics across India. Patient data, including medical and clinical examination reports during the past year were collected during their routine visit.

Novel mutation c.597_598dup in exon 5 of ABCC8 gene causing congenital hyperinsulinism.

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease, characterized by the unregulated secretion of insulin from pancreatic β-cells, is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycemia in infancy. Early diagnosis and maintenance of normoglycaemia are essential to prevent adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The most common and severe forms of CHI are caused by inactivating mutations in ABCC8 and KCNJ11 genes, encoding the two subunits of the pancreatic β-cell ATP sensitive potassium channel (KATP).

Is 46XX karyotype always a female?

A19-year-old man, from a middle east country was referred by his physician to the endocrine department for bilateral gynaecomastia, low libido and sparse facial hair. There was no history of any chronic illness, mumps or traumatic injury to testis. He had clinical features suggestive of gonadotropin deficiency which was confirmed on biochemical testing.