Regret in Clinical Trial Participation Among Cancer Patients.

This analysis examined regret from participation in cancer clinical trials (CCT) and explored associations between regret and symptom burden, symptom bother, therapeutic optimism, and the importance of spiritual beliefs. This is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from a study of American CCT patient-participants conducted from 2015 to 2019. Descriptive statistics, bivariate associations, and logistic regression were used to evaluate regret in this sample ( = 325).

The Young Adult Centered Healthforce Training (YACHT) Program to Increase HIV Testing and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Referrals Among Young Sexual Minority Men in Florida: Protocol for a Type 2 Implementation-Effectiveness Hybrid Trial With a Stepped Wedge Design.

Background: There is a high incidence of HIV among young sexual minority men in Florida. Many are unaware of their status due to low testing rates. Counseling, testing, and referral (CTR) services are essential for diagnosis and prevention of HIV and are integral to the Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) strategic plan.

Handheld Cellphone Use and Risky Driving in Adolescents.

Importance: Handheld cellphone use while driving is associated with increased motor vehicle crash risk among adolescents.

Objective: To examine the association of handheld cellphone use while driving with kinematic risky driving (KRD) events-hard braking and rapid acceleration-in adolescent drivers.

Design, Setting, Participants: Adolescents aged 16.

Lessons learned from the MOMENT study on how to recruit and retain a target population online, across borders, and with automated remote data collection.

Increasingly, studies use social media to recruit, enroll, and collect data from participants. This introduces a threat to data integrity: efforts to produce fraudulent data to receive participant compensation, e.g.

The relationship between trust in federal oversight of vaccine safety and willingness to participate in COVID-19 clinical trials: a repeated measures study of Philadelphia residents (September 2021 - March 2023).

Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic precipitated an urgent need for clinical trials to discover safe and efficacious treatments. We examined how COVID-19 experiences, clinical trial awareness, and trust in the vaccine safety process were associated with willingness to participate in COVID-19 clinical trials. The objective was to investigate the relationship between trust in federal oversight of vaccine safety and willingness to participate in clinical trials for COVID-19 treatment across four distinct time points over an 18-month period during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Factors associated with the COVID-19 booster vaccine intentions of young adults in the United States.

Young adults experience high coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence yet have the lowest vaccination and booster rates among adults. Understanding the factors influencing their intentions regarding boosters is essential for crafting effective public health strategies. We examined the psychosocial factors (attitudes, norms, perceived behavioral control) associated with their intentions to receive a COVID-19 booster.

Psychosocial correlates of parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19.

Background: Public health guidance recommended that children who are 6 months or older be vaccinated against COVID-19 in June of 2022. In the U.S.

Health Coaching Improves Outcomes of Informal Caregivers of Adults With Chronic Heart Failure: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Caring for someone with heart failure takes an emotional and physical toll. Engaging in self-care may decrease stress and improve the health of informal caregivers. We conducted a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of a virtual health coaching intervention, compared with health information alone, on the self-care, stress, coping, and health status of heart failure caregivers.

Determining the Innovativeness of Nurses Who Engage in Activities That Encourage Innovative Behaviors.

Background: We sought to understand the innovativeness of nurses engaging in innovative behaviors and quantify the associated characteristics that make nurses more able to innovate in practice. We first compared the innovativeness scores of our population; then we examined those who self-identified as an innovator versus those who did not to explore differences associated with innovativeness between these groups.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey study of nurses in the US engaging in innovative behaviors was performed.

Impact of Shared Decision-Making on Opioid Prescribing Among Patients With Chronic Pain: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Shared decision-making (SDM) involving patient and physician is a desirable goal that is recommended in chronic pain management guidelines. This study measured whether SDM affects opioid prescribing frequency for chronic low back pain. A retrospective cohort study involving 1,478 participants was conducted within a national pain research registry.

Physician Empathy and Chronic Pain Outcomes.

Importance: Empathy is an aspect of the patient-physician relationship that may be particularly important in patients with chronic pain.

Objective: To measure the association of physician empathy with pain, function, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among patients with chronic low back pain.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study included adult enrollees from the Pain Registry for Epidemiological, Clinical, and Interventional Studies and Innovation national pain research registry.

Prevalence of complete edentulism among US adults 65 years and older: A Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System study from 2012 through 2020.

Background: The rapid growth of the older adult population in the United States and their increased risk of edentulism make it essential to analyze trends and factors associated with edentulism.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 2012 through 2020. US- and state-level trend lines were reported.

Trust in federal COVID-19 vaccine oversight and parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Over half of the youth population in the United States, aged 6 months to 17 years, have not received the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Given parents' central role in vaccinating their children, we examined associations between parents' trust of the federal oversight of COVID-19 vaccine safety and their willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 975 parents of minor children residing in Philadelphia who completed the online survey between September 2021 and February 2022.

Symptom characteristics, perceived causal attributions, and contextual factors influencing self-care behaviors: An ecological daily assessment study of adults with chronic illness.

Objective: Insights into how symptoms influence self-care can guide patient education and improve symptom control. This study examined symptom characteristics, causal attributions, and contextual factors influencing self-care of adults with arthritis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, or heart failure.

Methods: Adults (n = 81) with a symptomatic chronic illness participated in a longitudinal observational study.

Timed Activity to Minimize Sleep Disturbance in People With Cognitive Impairment.

Background And Objectives: Sleep disturbances occur in >60% of persons living with cognitive impairment, affecting their quality of life (QOL). Regulating the sleep-wake cycle through engaging cognitive, physical, and sensory-based activities delivered at strategic times may reduce sleep disturbances and be a feasible nonpharmacological treatment for sleep problems. The objective of this trial was to test the efficacy of a timed-activity intervention in improving QOL and sleep disturbances in persons living with cognitive impairment.

Does cognitive impairment moderate the relationship between social isolation and anxiety? A 5-year longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of community residing older adults.

Background: Anxiety is common in older adults and social isolation is one of the leading factors associated with their anxiety. However, what is unknown is how the relationship between social isolation and anxiety differs by cognitive status. Therefore, this study was conducted to (1) compare the level of social isolation and anxiety in older adults who developed probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to those who maintained normal cognitive function over 5 years; and (2) determine if cognitive impairment moderates the relationship between changes in social isolation and changes in anxiety over 5 years.

Remote Delivery of the Cuidándome Telehealth Intervention for Self-Management of Depression and Anxiety Among Latina Immigrant Women: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Growing evidence suggests that Latina immigrant survivors of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are at increased risk for developing and remaining with either depression or anxiety or both symptoms. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a telehealth intervention-Cuidándome (quee-DAN-doh-meh, "taking care of myself"). Cuidándome is a 10-week, patient-centered, trauma-informed intervention delivered by a trained facilitator that promotes self-management of depression and anxiety symptoms through improved problem-solving skills and strategies.

Patterns of self-care decision-making and associated factors: A cross-sectional observational study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify for the first time patterns of self-care decision-making (i.e. the extent to which participants viewed contextual factors influencing decisions about symptoms) and associated factors among community-dwelling adults with chronic illness.

Effectiveness of Long-Term Opioid Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain.

Purpose: Clinical trials generally have not assessed efficacy of long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) beyond 6 months because of methodological barriers and ethical concerns. We aimed to measure the effectiveness of LTOT for up to 12 months.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study among adults with chronic low back pain (CLBP) from April 2016 through August 2022.

Racial Disparities in Opioid Use and Lumbar Spine Surgery for Chronic Pain and in Pain and Function Over 3 Years: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

This study aims to compare treatments and outcomes among Black and White patients with chronic low back pain in the United States. A retrospective cohort study was conducted within a pain research registry, including 1,443 participants with up to 3 years of follow-up. Pain treatments were measured at quarterly research encounters using reported current opioid use and prior lumbar spine surgery.

A Comparison of Family Management Between Families of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Families of Children With Down Syndrome.

Introduction: This cross-sectional study aimed to (1) compare family management between families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or Down syndrome and (2) evaluate the contribution of the child (ASD behaviors, feeding difficulties, sleep disturbances), caregiver (mental health) and family (social support) factors to the caregiver's perceived condition management ability and effort.

Method: Eighty-five caregivers (56 ASD, 29 Down syndrome) completed quantitative instruments online. Data analysis included independent samples t-tests and multiple linear regression.

The process and outcomes of chronic low back pain treatment provided by osteopathic and allopathic physicians: a retrospective cohort study.

Context: Osteopathic physicians are trained to treat patients with musculoskeletal symptoms, to treat somatic dysfunction with osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), and to avoid unnecessarily prescribing drugs such as opioids. It is also generally believed that osteopathic physicians provide a unique patient-centered approach to medical care that involves effective communication and empathy. Such training and characteristics of osteopathic medical care (OMC) may enhance clinical outcomes among patients with chronic pain.

Role of Serial Phlebotomy in the Management of Blunt Solid Organ Injury in Adults.

Background: The management of blunt spleen and liver trauma has become increasingly nonoperative. There is no consensus on timing or duration of serial hemoglobin and hematocrit monitoring in this patient population.

Objective: This study examined the clinical utility of serial hemoglobin and hematocrit monitoring.

iCare4Me for FTD: A pilot randomized study to improve self-care in caregivers of persons with frontotemporal degeneration.

Introduction: A tremendous burden is placed on frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) caregivers who sacrifice their own self-care to manage the functional impairments of their loved one, contributing to high levels of stress and depression. Health coaching provides support for coping with stress while fostering self-care behaviors. We report on preliminary evidence for efficacy of a virtual health coach intervention aimed at increasing self-care.