Role of α-crystallin B in regulation of stress induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Recently emerging evidence suggests that cardiomyocyte apoptosis is one of the major pathogenic factors in heart diseases leading to heart failure. Cardiomyocytes undergo apoptosis in response to a wide variety of cellular stresses including protein folding stress at Endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

Dopamine regulates angiogenesis in normal dermal wound tissues.

Cutaneous wound healing is a normal physiological process and comprises different phases. Among these phases, angiogenesis or new blood vessel formation in wound tissue plays an important role. Skin is richly supplied by sympathetic nerves and evidences indicate the significant role of the sympathetic nervous system in cutaneous wound healing.

Dopamine, by acting through its D2 receptor, inhibits insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)-induced gastric cancer cell proliferation via up-regulation of Krüppel-like factor 4 through down-regulation of IGF-IR and AKT phosphorylation.

The overexpression of insulin-like growth factor receptor-I (IGF-IR) and the activation of its signaling pathways both play critical roles in the development and progression of gastric cancer. Dopamine (DA), a major enteric neurotransmitter, has been reported to have a wide variety of physiological functions in the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach. We have previously reported that both DA and tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme required for the synthesis of DA, are lost in malignant gastric tissues.

D1 and D2 dopamine receptor-mediated inhibition of activated normal T cell proliferation is lost in jurkat T leukemic cells.

Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter, which plays an important role in the regulation of T cell functions. In activated T cells from normal volunteers, stimulation of D(1) and D(2) dopamine receptors inhibit cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. However, there is no report yet regarding the regulatory role of D(1) and D(2) dopamine receptors in abnormally proliferating T cells.

Metal-assisted oxazolidine/oxazine ring formation in dinuclear zinc(II) complexes: synthesis, structural aspects, and bioactivity.

Three novel dinuclear Zn(II) complexes of phenol-based compartmental macrocyclic ligands have been synthesized and characterized by routine physicochemical techniques as well as by X-ray single-crystal structure analysis. The dinuclear macrocyclic complexes 1, 2, and 3 were obtained through a 1:2 condensation reaction of 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol and N-(hydroxyalkyl) ethylenediamine (L(1), L(2), and L(3), respectively) in the presence of zinc(II) acetate, followed by the addition of thiocyanate anion [L(1) = N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, L(2) = N-(3-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine, and L(3) = N-(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine]. The synthesized 18-membered macrocycles are noted to be structurally unique, and their formation proceeds with the generation of two oxazolidine side rings in complexes 1 and 3 and two oxazine side rings in 2, along with the creation of four new chiral centers in each case.