Total Reconstruction of Lower Eyelid in a Post-traumatic Patient Using Modified Fricke's Cheek Flap.

Eyelids are very complex structure, reconstruction of which is a challenge to surgeons. Reconstruction of eyelids may be required in a variety of conditions like congenital anomalies, trauma, or postsurgical excision in malignant lesions involving the eyelids. There are numerous ways to reconstruct the eyelids; the best procedure depends on both the skill of the surgeon and the condition of the patient.

Pattern of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers in Sikkim, India: A 3-year Clinicopathological Review.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), in combination, are referred to as Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). NMSC has not been extensively studied in the population of the North eastern India as it has been done in the rest of India. This study was performed to understand the pattern of NMSCs in head and neck region in Sikkimese population.

Anatomical variations of uncinate process observed in chronic sinusitis.

Chronic Sinusitis, an extremely persistent illness, is surgically best treated by Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. The ostiomeatal complex is the main area targeted and within it uncinate process is the first anatomical structure encountered. The significance of anatomical variations concerning age and sex of uncinate process in chronic sinusitis were evaluated.

Tinospora cordifolia, a novel source of extracellular disaccharidases, useful for human disaccharidase deficiency therapy.

Disaccharide intolerance is the inability to digest certain carbohydrates due to a lack of one or more intestinal disaccharidases (e.g., lactase, maltase, isomaltase and sucrase).

Characterization of nimbidiol as a potent intestinal disaccharidase and glucoamylase inhibitor present in Azadirachta indica (neem) useful for the treatment of diabetes.

Azadirachta indica, used in antidiabetic herbal drugs, was reported to contain α-glucosidase inhibitor. Bioassay guided purification characterized the inhibitor as nimbidiol (a diterpenoid), present in root and stem-bark of the tree. Nimbidiol inhibited intestinal (mammalian) maltase-glucoamylase, sucrase-isomaltase, lactase, trehalase and fungal α-glucosidases.

Persistent deciduous molar as an etiology for a maxillary sinus mucocele.

Mucoceles are accumulations of trapped mucus, forming cystic expansile lesions. Maxillary sinus mucoceles are rare amongst paranasal sinus mucoceles, usually being a late sequel of Caldwell-Luc surgery. We present a case of a maxillary sinus mucocele due to a persistent carious deciduous molar in a middle aged patient, reported to highlight its unusual etiology.

Fine needle aspiration cytology as the primary diagnostic tool in thyroid enlargement.

Background: In the preoperative decision-making of the thyroid swellings, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is becoming an ever more vital tool.

Objectives: To compare the advantage of preoperative FNAC of thyroid swellings with postoperative histopathology to reach a consensus protocol as a simple procedure for diagnosis and optimal management of thyroid swellings.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study of preoperative FNAC was carried out on 178 incidental thyroid swellings attending a tertiary care centre in Kishanganj, Bihar.

Purification and characterization of a thiol amylase over produced by a non-cereal non-leguminous plant, Tinospora cordifolia.

A 43kDa α-amylase was purified from Tinospora cordifolia by glycogen precipitation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography, and HPGPLC. The enzyme was optimally active in pH 6.0 at 60°C and had specific activity of 546.

Spectrum of head and neck cancer in children.

Aim: To assess the incidence of different head and neck cancers in pediatric age group in a referral hospital.

Methods: In this prospective study, children below the age of 12 years underwent a thorough clinical, ENT examination and the diagnosis was conformed histologically in all the cases.

Results: Fifty-three were diagnosed to be suffering from different head and neck neoplasms among 21,216 children (0.

An attempt to define the type of biopsy in a sinonasal lesion showing bony erosion.

Objectives: To present a case of sino-nasal destructive mass initially diagnosed as an inflammatory lesion following punch biopsy from the lesion however the post surgical histopathology was diagnostic of Grade 2 angiocentric immunoproliferative lesion (AIL). The reasons for the initial misdiagnosis are analyzed.

Materials And Methods: A 76-year-old male patient presenting with progressive bilateral nasal obstruction for 1 year.

Clinicopathological correlates of pediatric head and neck cancer.

Background: The spectrum of head and neck tumors in children continues to be the cause of diverse, diagnostically challenging issues.

Aims: To demonstrate and compare the unique clinicopathological features in our study population and their correlations with the final histopathological diagnosis.

Methods: Fifty-three children with head and neck cancer were examined thoroughly at the Otorhinolaryngology department in a tertiary care teaching hospital followed by histopathological studies.

Purification and characterization of a low molecular weight endo-xylanase from mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus.

A low molecular weight endo-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.

Fourth branchial pouch sinus - an unusually late initial presentation.

Objective: Here we present an unusual case of a male patient with 4th branchial pouch sinus with an initial presentation of pseudothyroiditis at an unusually late age of 20 years.

Method: Case report and a review of the world literature concerning 4th branchial pouch sinus is presented.

Result: The patient was diagnosed by radiology and endoscopy and treated surgically.

Hypoglycemic activity of the antioxidant saponarin, characterized as alpha-glucosidase inhibitor present in Tinospora cordifolia.

Tinospora cordifolia, used in anti-diabetic herbal drug preparations, was reported [12] to contain an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, characterized as saponarin (apigenin-6-C-glucosyl-7-O-glucoside). The leaf extract had appreciable antioxidant and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and contained the flavonoid in the range of 32.1 +/- 1.

Behavior disparities towards blood donation in Sikkim, India.

Background: The aim of the current research was to determine disparities in blood donation motives among the general mass of Sikkim.

Aims: To identify the reasons for people donating and not donating blood voluntarily.

Settings And Design: Population based cross-sectional study in Gangtok, East Sikkim.

Occult foreign bodies in the aero digestive tracts in infancy.

Foreign body impaction in aero digestive tract in infancy is difficult to diagnose sometimes. In this review of five unusual cases of occult foreign body impaction in aero digestive tract has been presented and their management discussed.

Conservation of average hydrophobicity of apolar aminoacids in polypeptides constituting same glycosyl hydrolase sub-family enzymes.

Polypeptides constituting the same functional enzyme in cells of different origins have small sequence similarities among themselves. Amino acid analysis reveals that each glycosyl hydrolase sub-family polypeptides conserves an average hydrophobicity value for total constituent apolar amino acids. The value may be a measure of the driving force present in the polypeptide for designed primary collapse for three-dimensional active site formation.

Benign calcified thyroid cyst with skin sinus formation.

Objectives: To present a rare case of calcified thyroid cyst with discharging neck sinus and its probable explanation.

Materials And Methods: A 75-year-old male patient presented to the outpatients department who had had thyroid swelling for the last 50 years and a discharging neck sinus from the swelling with ulceration and fungation of the adjoining area for the last year.

Results: An X-ray of the soft tissue of the neck showed tracheal shift to the right and irregular calcification of the left lobe of the thyroid.

Extracellular trehalose utilization by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Two haploid strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae viz. MATalpha and MATa were grown in glucose and trehalose medium and growth patterns were compared. Both strains show similar growth, except for an extended lag phase in trehalose grown cells.

Regulation of trehalose metabolism by Adox and AdoMet in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Effect of a potent methylation inhibitor oxidized adenosine (Adox), and a universal methyl group donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) on trehalose metabolism was studied in two haploids of S. cerevisiae of mating types MATalpha, met3 (6460 -8D) and MATa, leu2, ura3, his4 (8534 -10A). Trehalose level decreased in presence of Adox in both strains.

The mannitol cycle in Pleurotus ostreatus (Florida).

In mushroom, presence of the mannitol cycle has not been reported so far although the polyol is supposed to be generated by the reduction of fructose by mannitol dehydrogenase. This study submits evidence for the presence of the mannitol cycle in Pleurotus ostreatus. The key enzyme of the cycle, mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (M1PDH), was present appreciably in all the developmental stages of the mushroom.