Diazotization titrations in pharmacopoeial quality control of medicines and proposals for their revision in the European Pharmacopoeia.

Based on the data in the Ph. Eur., some other newer pharmacopoeias and published experimental papers propose to revise the text of Ph.

Colour and content of some metals in honey.

The paper highlights the correlations between the results of instrumental colour measurement and the content of certain metals in kinds of honey. Sufficiently close correlations may lead to the development of procedures for the rapid determination of the content of these metals in honey by colour measurement without the need for more demanding sample preparation.

Colour and content of some biologically active substances in honey.

This paper highlights the correlations between instrumental measurements of colour and the content of some biologically active organic compounds (especially phenolics and flavonoids) in honey. Sufficiently close correlations may lead to the development of procedures for rapid determination of the content of these substances in honey by colour measurement without the need for more demanding sample preparation.

Colour and antioxidant activity of honey.

The paper highlights the relationships between the results of instrumental colour measurement and the results of the determination of the antioxidant activity of honey (especially by DPPH and FRAP). The sufficiently close correlations show that once verified, supplemented by regression analysis and calibration, they may find application in the rapid determination of the antioxidant activity of honey.

Surgical Care in Specialist Ophthalmology Departments: Structure and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Specialist ophthalmology departments contribute to the surgical care of German patients. Outpatient and inpatient surgeries were restricted during the COVID-19 pandemic and led to a sharp decline in the number of cases in ophthalmological care. The aim of this analysis was to improve the understanding of the logistic structures of medical facilities as well as the effects of the pandemic.

Colour and content of some biologically active substances in natural products and products of natural origin.

The paper draws attention to the correlations between the results of instrumental colour measurements and the content of some biologically active organic substances (carotenoids, chlorophyll, anthocyanins, curcuminoids, etc.) in natural products and products of natural origin. After supplementation by regression analysis and calibration, sufficiently close correlations can lead to the development of procedures for rapid determination of the content of these substances and their groups by colour measurement without more demanding sample treatment.

Advances in the use of instrumental measurement of colour in the development, production and quality control of drugs, medicinal preparations and pharmaceutical auxiliary substances III.

Colour is an important indicator of the quality of pharmaceuticals, medicinal products and pharmaceutical excipients. The paper summarizes advances in the use of instrumental colour measurement in synthetic medicines and medicines of non-natural origin, their dosage forms and excipients published in 2013-2019.

Theory and practice of pharmacopoeial control of quality of drugs and excipients X. Number of parallel determinations, processing of results and their use in the assessment of the content of active substances and excipients in the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.).

In the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) there is no prescribed number of parallel determinations of the content of active substances and excipients.

Theory and practice of pharmacopoeial control of quality of drugs and excipients IX. The problem of tolerance limits for the content of active substances and excipients in the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.).

Content tolerance limits should respect the acceptable variation in the content of the active substance or excipient from its production and the variability of the results of the analytical procedure prescribed to determine the content by the appropriate pharmacopoeia. This usually prevails in the active substances and excipients. They should be derived statistically based on the precision of the prescribed analytical method determined by the interlaboratory test.

Theory and practice of pharmacopoeial control of quality of drugs and excipients VIII. End-point indication and other conditions for the titration of primary aromatic amines in the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.).

Indication of the equivalence point for the titration of primary aromatic amines (sulphonamides, etc.) with sodium nitrite solution according to Ph. Eur.

On the content of the National part of the Czech Pharmacopoeia 2017.

This paper deals with the content of the national part of the Czech Pharmacopoeia (CP) 2017 in terms of preparation of pharmaceuticals in pharmacies, quantitative methods for controlling their quality and their usable life. Despite the longer time span of the CP 2017 since the CP 2009, compared to the CP 2009 from the CP 2005, the content of the CP 2017 can not be evaluated as a more pronounced shift from the national part of the CP 2009. Some issues of the national section of the CP 2017 are discussed in detail in the paper.

Theory and practice of pharmacopoeial control of the quality of drugs and excipients VII. The colour reference solutions of the European pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.).

Data calculations of three different workplaces consistently show that the difference in colour ΔE (CIELAB) of some colour reference solutions according to Ph. Eur. with small colour and purified water are too small.

[Advances in the use of instrumental measurement of colour in the development, production and quality control of drugs, medicinal preparations and pharmaceutical auxiliary substances II*].

The paper summarizes the use of instrumental colour measurement in the field of pharmaceuticals of natural origin and other substances of natural origin beneficial for health in recent 10 years. Colour measurement in this field was most frequently employed in the monitoring of various aspects of the process of drying of medicinal plants and their parts.

[Standard prescriptions for extemporaneously produced medicinal preparations in pharmacies VI. Collection Neues Rezeptur-Formularium].

The paper deals with the content of the collection Neues Rezeptur-Formularium (NRF) and some prescriptions potentially usable in innovations and standardization of prescriptions for extemporaneously produced medicinal preparations in pharmacies in the Czech Republic. Another possible use of NRF in the Czech Republic consists in the revision of the National Section of the Czech Pharmacopoeia.

[Advances in the use of instrumental measurement of colour in the development, production and quality control of drugs, medicinal preparations and pharmaceutical auxiliary substances I ].

Colour is one of the important indices of the quality of drugs, medicinal preparations and pharmaceutical auxiliary substances. The paper summarizes the development and use of instrumental measurement of colour in pharmacy in recent ten years focusing on the drugs of synthetic origin and pharmaceutical auxiliary substances including their control.

[Standard prescriptions for the formulation of medicinal preparations in pharmacies V. The collection Dermatologische Magistralrezepturen der Schweiz].

The paper deals with the content of the collection Dermatologische Magistralrezepturen der Schweiz (DEMARES) and the prescriptions from this collection which can be potentially usable in the innovations and standardization of the prescriptions of dermatologic medicinal preparations formulated in pharmacies in the Czech Republic. Another possible use of the collection DEMARES is for the revision of the National Section of the Czech Pharmacopoeia.

[On the content of the national part of the Czech pharmacopoeia from the aspect of the formulation of medicinal preparations in pharmacies].

The national part of the Czech Pharmacopoeia 2005 and its Supplements 2006 and 2007 do not sufficiently solve the issues of standardization of the present formulation of medicinal preparations in pharmacies. The paper discusses some of the possible causes of this state and lists the examples of ophthalmic drops monographs which are no longer topical for formulation in pharmacies, and also some monographs with obsolete active ingredient concentrations or not fully solved formulation technology.

[Standard prescriptions for the formulation of medicinal preparations in pharmacies. I. Suspensions for dermal administration].

The paper summarizes the present state of standard prescriptions for the formulation of suspensions for dermal administration in the Czech Republic and compares it with the NRF (Neues Rezeptur-Formularium in Deuscher Arzneimittel-Codex) standard prescriptions. The analysis of medical prescriptions for suspensions for dermal administration dispensed in the pharmacies of the Czech Republic has revealed that 18.8 % of the prescriptions were for 50% suspension of zinc(II) oxide in sunflower oil.

Application of instrumental colour measurement in development and quality control of drugs and pharmaceutical excipients.

This review covers applications of instrumental colour measurement using tristimulus colorimetry in development, stability testing, production and quality control of synthetic and natural drugs, dosage forms and pharmaceutical excipients in the last three decades.

Efficiency of stabilization of low level of coloration of Castellani's paint without fuchsine with disodium edetate.

Addition of 0.03% of disodium edetate dihydrate (DED) was determined by observation of colour differences deltaE* in the CIELAB system to give more effective stabilisation of a low level of coloration of Castellani's paint without fuchsine than did 0.02% DED.

Properties of colour reference solutions of the European Pharmacopoea in CIE L*a*b* colour space.

The coordinates of CIE L*a*b* uniform colour space have been acquired from the transmitance spectra of colour reference solutions of European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur.).

[Some possibilities of using spectrometry in the near infrared region in drug quality control].

Spectrometry in the near infrared region ranks among the modern methods of analytical chemistry and is of use also in drug quality control. The paper draws attention to some possibilities of using the method in this respect, including its possible use in the check-out of the identity of the content of closed packages of medicinal and auxiliary substances supplied to pharmacies.

[Theory and practice of pharmacopoeial control of the quality of drugs and auxiliary substances. VI. Stability of comparative colour solutions of the Czech Pharmacopoeia 2002].

Comparative colour solutions for methods I and II evaluating colouring of liquids according to PhB MMII are of identical composition. For method I, they can be stored without any time limit, whereas for method II are to be prepared just immediately prior to their use. The present paper deals with the examination of stability of comparative colour solutions PhB MMII kept in test-tubes made of colourless borosilicate glass with ground-glass stoppers, protected from light.

[Present-day legislation and the handling of chemical substances and preparations at the workplaces performing drug synthesis and analysis].

The preparation discusses the present-day legislation concerning the handling of chemical substances and preparations in the Czech Republic (Law No. 356/2003 Coll., Regulation No.

[Stabilization of colouring of Castellani's solution without fuchsin CL 2002 and control of its efficacy].

Disodium edetate in an amount of at least 0.01% is an effective stabilizer of a low level of colouring of Castellani's solution without fuchsin Ph.B.