Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) elastography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) versus conventional EUS FNAC for solid pancreatic lesions: A pilot randomized trial.

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS FNA) is the first-line modality to diagnose suspected solid pancreatic malignant lesions. Elastography-guided FNA has been shown to improve the diagnostic yield of EUS FNA but prospective studies are limited. The aim of the study was to compare diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of conventional and elastography-guided EUS FNA in patients with suspected malignant pancreatic solid masses.

PD-L1 Expression in Colorectal Carcinoma Correlates with the Immune Microenvironment.

Introduction/background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a common malignancy, with its diverse clinical, pathological, and molecular features. The immune microenvironment of a tumor comprises of interplay between various cells and molecules, and has a significant role in deciding the tumor behavior and overall prognosis. PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand-1) has been implicated in the regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME).

Comparison of the efficacies of triple, quadruple and sequential antibiotic therapy in eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection: A randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aim: There is regional variation in the eradication rates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) regimens depending on the local antibiotic resistance patterns. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacies of triple, quadruple and sequential antibiotic therapy in eradicating H.

Primary gastrointestinal anaplastic large cell lymphoma: A critical reappraisal with a systematic review of the world literature.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a distinct T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving both nodal and extra-nodal sites with a specific anaplastic lymphoma kinase 1 (ALK-1) gene rearrangement. The commonly involved extranodal sites include skin, bone, soft tissue, lungs, and liver. ALCL primarily involving gastrointestinal (GI) tract is rare.

Natural Killer Cell Enteropathy With Extraintestinal Involvement: Presenting as Symptomatic Anemia.

Natural killer (NK) cell enteropathy is a newly described disease entity with benign behavior and an indolent clinical course, characterized by the atypical proliferation of NK cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The exact etiology is unknown. It closely mimics NK/T-cell lymphoma.

Ergotamine Induced Retroperitoneal Fibrosis.

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is an uncommon disease characterised by the presence of fibroinflammatory reaction which starts around the infrarenal portion of the abdominal aorta in the retroperitoneum and frequently entrap the ureter causing obstructive uropathy. Approximately, two thirds of the cases are idiopathic, where aetiopathogenesis is not known. Ergotamine-induced RPF, although rare, is considered under secondary group.

Elevated Expression of DNA Methyltransferases and Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 in Helicobacter pylori - Gastritis and Gastric Carcinoma.

Aim: The aim of this study was to study the role of key epigenetic regulators pertaining to DNA methylation and histone-modification systems in Helicobacter pylori (HP)-associated gastritis and gastric carcinogenesis.

Methods: The expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT-1, 3A, and 3B) and the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex-2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2 [EZH2]) in gastric carcinomas (n = 104), mucosa adjacent to carcinoma (n = 104), HP-associated gastritis (n = 95), and histologically normal mucosa (n = 31) was assessed by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR.

Results: The expression of all 3 DNMTs and EZH2 was significantly higher in HP-associated gastritis and carcinoma cases than in those with adjacent and normal mucosa.

IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis- A great mimicker.

IgG4-related disease (IgG4 RD) is a multisystem disorder characterized by tumefactive (mass forming) lesions, storiform fibrosis, and IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration. IgG4 sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4 SC) is the biliary manifestation of IgG4 RD, often in association with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Here, we report two patients with IgG4-related cholangitis mimicking primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (Epithelioid-MPNST) Presenting as Bleeding Rectal Polyp: A Case Report with Systematic Literature Review.

BACKGROUND Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) with pure epithelioid histology MPNST (epithelioid-MPNST) is a distinctly rare variant of MPNST described by World Health Organization. Occurrence of MPNST in the tubular gut is extremely rare with nearly 20 cases reported in the last 40 years. CASE REPORT In this case report, we described 2 such cases of epithelioid-MPNST occurring in a 65-year male and 47-year-old female, who both presented with bleeding rectal polyps.

Necrotizing sialometaplasia: Manifestation of a localized unclassified vasculitis.

Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a rare benign and self-limiting disease, which commonly affects the minor salivary glands. Typically, it involves the seromucinous glands located at palate, buccal mucosa, tongue, tonsil, nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, maxillary sinus, and retromolar trigone. We report two such cases of necrotizing sialometaplasia to create awareness among the pathologists and surgeons because of its close morphological and clinical resemblance to squamous cell carcinoma.