Publications by authors named "Subash Adhikari"

Bacteria have two trophic lifestyles in aquatic ecosystems, i.e., free-living (FL) and particle-attached (PA), with different but essential ecological roles.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study analyzed water-soluble ions and stable isotopes in precipitation from different regions of the Himalayas to understand their sources and seasonal variations in chemistry.
  • It found that ion concentrations were higher in non-monsoon periods and varied geographically, with Koshi Tappu having the highest levels, influenced by various sources like terrigenous, marine, and anthropogenic activities.
  • The research highlighted the impact of altitude and orographic effects on isotopic composition and precipitation chemistry, revealing significant differences between the southern and northern slopes which can inform about climate patterns and atmospheric influences in the region.
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Thermal proteome profiling (TPP) is a powerful tool for drug target deconvolution. Recently, data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) approaches have demonstrated significant improvements to depth and missingness in proteome data, but traditional TPP (a.k.

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A common approach to assess the nature of energy conversion in a classical fluid or plasma is to compare power densities of the various possible energy conversion mechanisms. A leading research area is quantifying energy conversion for systems that are not in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), as is common in a number of fluid and plasma systems. Here we introduce the "higher-order nonequilibrium term" (HORNET) effective power density, which quantifies the rate of change of departure of a phase space density from LTE.

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Anisotropic electron heating during electron-only magnetic reconnection with a large guide magnetic field is directly measured in a laboratory plasma through in situ measurements of electron velocity distribution functions. Electron heating preferentially parallel to the magnetic field is localized to one separatrix, and anisotropies of 1.5 are measured.

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Wetland bacterial communities are highly sensitive to altered hydrology and the associated change in water physicochemical and biological properties leading to shifts in community composition and diversity, hence affecting the ecological roles. However, relevant studies are lacking in the wetlands of central Himalayas Nepal. Thus, we aimed to explore the variation of bacterial communities, diversity, and ecologic functions in the wet and dry periods of a wetland (designed as Ramsar site, Ramsar no 2257) by using 16S rRNA gene-based Illumina MiSeq sequencing.

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Precise characterization of a tissue's extracellular matrix (ECM) protein composition (matrisome) is essential for biomedicine. However, ECM protein extraction that requires organ-specific optimization is still a major limiting factor in matrisome studies. In particular, the matrisome of mouse kidneys is still understudied, despite mouse models being crucial for renal research.

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The interaction between water vapor and natural/anthropogenic airborne particles deposits a massive amount of trace elements in the ecosystem. As the principal source region of the Indian monsoon originated from the Bay of Bengal, atmospheric trace elements in Bangladesh have impacted atmospheric wet deposition along the pathway, even reaching the headwaters in the Asian water tower. However, no study reports the atmospheric wet deposition of trace elements at the spatiotemporal scale.

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The hydrochemical characterization and irrigation suitability assessment of the Ganges-Brahmaputra River System (GBRS) has immense importance for the livelihoods of people and ecosystem sustainability in the region. This study aims to assess the hydrochemical characteristics and evaluate the irrigation suitability of water in the GBRS by reviewing published literature of the major tributaries. The studied rivers were categorized into two groups namely Group-1 and Group-2 considering the similarities of climatic patterns, hydrochemical attributes, and drainage characteristics.

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The chemical characterization and assessment of the water quality in the headwater areas of the Himalaya are necessary for securing the water in the future. This study aims to assess the hydrochemistry and water quality concerning drinking and irrigational uses in the Seti River Basin (SRB), Nepal. A total of 45 water samples were collected in 2016 from the SRB during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons, and pH, EC, TDS, and DO were measured on-site, whereas Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cl, SO, NO, and dissolved Si were analyzed in the laboratory.

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Credible detection and quantification of low abundance proteins from human blood plasma is a major challenge in precision medicine biomarker discovery when using mass spectrometry (MS). In this proof-of-concept study, we employed a mixture of selected recombinant proteins in DDA libraries to subsequently identify (not quantify) cancer-associated low abundance plasma proteins using SWATH/DIA. The exemplar DDA recombinant protein spectral library (rPSL) was derived from tryptic digestion of 36 recombinant human proteins that had been previously implicated as possible cancer biomarkers from both our own and other studies.

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Article Synopsis
  • The Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) initiated the Human Proteome Project (HPP) in 2010 to promote global cooperation in studying the human proteome, focusing on data sharing and quality assurance.
  • Over the past decade, the HPP has built partnerships, set guidelines, and reanalyzed existing data to enhance our understanding of the human proteome.
  • Celebrating its tenth anniversary, the HPP has reported a comprehensive 90.4% high-stringency human proteome blueprint, which is crucial for advancing knowledge in health and disease, particularly in areas like cancer and cardiovascular conditions.
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One key to improve the performance of advanced optoelectronic devices and energy harvesting in graphene is to understand the predominant carrier scattering optical phonons. Nevertheless, low light absorbance in graphene yields a limited photoexcited carrier density, hampering the hot carrier effect, which is strongly correlated to the hot optical phonon bottleneck effect as the energy-loss channel. Here, by integrating graphene with monolayer MoS possessing stronger light absorbance, we demonstrate an efficient interfacial hot carrier transfer between graphene and MoS in their heterostructure with a prolonged relaxation time using broadband transient differential transmittance spectroscopy.

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Carrier multiplication (CM) is a process in which high-energy free carriers relax by generation of additional electron-hole pairs rather than by heat dissipation. CM is promising disruptive improvements in photovoltaic energy conversion and light detection technologies. Current state-of-the-art nanomaterials including quantum dots and carbon nanotubes have demonstrated CM, but are not satisfactory owing to high-energy-loss and inherent difficulties with carrier extraction.

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Background: One of the most significant challenges in colorectal cancer (CRC) management is the use of compliant early stage population-based diagnostic tests as adjuncts to confirmatory colonoscopy. Despite the near curative nature of early clinical stage surgical resection, mortality remains unacceptably high-as the majority of patients diagnosed by faecal haemoglobin followed by colonoscopy occur at latter stages. Additionally, current population-based screens reliant on fecal occult blood test (FOBT) have low compliance (~ 40%) and tests suffer low sensitivities.

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While metastasis is the primary cause of colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, the molecular mechanisms underpinning it remains elusive. Metastasis is propagated through driver oncogene/suppressor gene mutations, accompanied by passenger mutations and underlying genomic instability. To understand cancer biology, a unifying framework called the "hallmarks of cancer" (HoCs) has been developed, which organizes cell biological alterations under ten key hallmarks.

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Human olfactory receptors (ORs) are seven-pass transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) involved in smell perception and many other signaling pathways. They are primarily expressed in the olfactory epithelium and ectopically expressed in several other organs and tissues. neXtProt contains 4 PE1 (protein existence 1, evidenced at the protein level) ORs, determined on the basis of either protein interaction data (i.

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Photovoltaic device performance of graphene/n-Si Schottky diodes is largely affected by inhomogeneous oxide formation at the interface that suppresses the tunneling current of injected and photoexcited charges. The accumulated trap charges at low current induce charge recombination at the interface and degrade the ideality factor of the diode and the fill factor (FF) of the solar cell. This consequently gives rise to a nonlinear current-voltage ( I- V) feature in solar cells, commonly known as an S-shaped kink, which can be engineered by optimizing the interface barrier thickness or by increasing the carrier mobility.

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Mitotane is a cytostatic antineoplastic agent that is used in the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma and Cushing's syndrome. The commonly reported side effects associated with mitotane are anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, decreased memory, rash, gynaecomastia, arthralgias and leucopenia. We present a case of a 68-year-old female who developed gradual dyspnoea concurrent with the use of mitotane for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma.

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Memristors such as phase-change memory and resistive memory have been proposed to emulate the synaptic activities in neuromorphic systems. However, the low reliability of these types of memories is their biggest challenge for commercialization. Here, a highly reliable memristor array using floating-gate memory operated by two terminals (source and drain) using van der Waals layered materials is demonstrated.

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Cell microenvironment consists of various types of cells which communicate with each other by vast number of secreted proteins. An unbiased profiling of these secreted proteins on a global scale is often critical for understanding the intercellular signaling in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has become one of the most popular technology for characterization of the secreted proteins.

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Despite numerous studies on two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures, a full understanding of the charge transport and photoinduced current mechanisms in these structures, in particular, associated with charge depletion/inversion layers at the interface remains elusive. Here, we investigate transport properties of a prototype multilayer MoS/WSe heterojunction via a tunable charge inversion/depletion layer. A charge inversion layer was constructed at the surface of WSe due to its relatively low doping concentration compared to that of MoS, which can be tuned by the back-gate bias.

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Multidimensional peptide fractionation strategies have been approved as the efficient approaches to significantly improve the depth of proteome coverage. In this study, a simple and integrated spintip-based protein digestion and three-dimensional peptide fractionation technology (3D-SISPROT) was developed for the deep proteome profiling from low microgram of proteins as starting materials. All the sample preparation steps, including protein digestion, strong anion exchange (SAX)-based fractionation, and high-pH reversed phase (RP) fractionation were integrated into one pipette tip packed with SAX and C membranes for the first time.

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We achieve switching on/off the photocurrent of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS) by controlling the metal-insulator transition (MIT). N-type semiconducting MoS under a large negative gate bias generates a photocurrent attributed to the increase of excess carriers in the conduction band by optical excitation. However, under a large positive gate bias, a phase shift from semiconducting to metallic MoS is caused, and the photocurrent by excess carriers in the conduction band induced by the laser disappears due to enhanced electron-electron scattering.

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While optical properties of graphene in the visible region are solely defined by the frequency-independent fine structure constant, an onset of absorption has been observed in the infrared region due to Pauli blocking of interband transitions. Here, we report a complete absorption quenching in the infrared region by coating graphene with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amine (TFSA), an optically transparent p-type chemical dopant. The Fermi level downshift due to TFSA doping results in enhanced transmission in the infrared region proportional to the doping concentration.

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