Researchers should no longer delay implementation of Pap screening in low and middle income countries pending research into novel screening approaches.

A study coordinated by Groesbeck Parham and Mark Schiffman describes a novel approach to single-visit, point-of-care cervical screening and triage for low and middle income countries (LMICs) that uses an HPV screening test that is not affordable in LMICs combined with a triage test that is not available at the point of care. Pap smears are feasible, affordable, and well-suited for single-visit, point-of-care cervical screening and triage in LMICs. Research into a discredited cervical screening test, funded by the US National Cancer Institute, contributed to at least 500,000 preventable cervical cancer deaths by delaying implementation of Pap screening throughout India for 18 years.

The Effect of Formulation Variables on the Manufacturability of Clopidogrel Tablets via Fluidized Hot-Melt Granulation-From the Lab Scale to the Pilot Scale.

Solid pharmaceutical formulations with class II active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) face dissolution challenges due to limited solubility, affecting in vivo behavior. Robust computational tools, via data mining, offer valuable insights into product performance, complementing traditional methods and aiding in scale-up decisions. This study utilizes the design of experiments (DoE) to understand fluidized hot-melt granulation manufacturing technology.

Non-Destructive Measurements for 3D Modeling and Monitoring of Large Buildings Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Unmanned Aerial Systems.

Along with the development and improvement of measuring technologies and techniques in recent times, new methods have appeared to model and monitor the behavior of land and constructions over time. The main purpose of this research was to develop a new methodology to model and monitor large buildings in a non-invasive way. The methods proposed in this research are non-destructive and can be used to monitor the behavior of buildings over time.

Unethical US Government-Funded Cervical Screening Study in India: US Freedom of Information Act Disclosures.

Documents obtained through the US Freedom of Information Act show that, in 1997, the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) funded an 18-year randomized controlled trial in Mumbai that used mortality endpoints to compare a discredited cervical screening test to no screening. The Mumbai trial required Indian and global health leaders to assume "no screening" would remain "standard care" throughout India for the duration of the trial, and thereby delayed the implementation of routine cervical screening among the general population of India for 18 years. During those 18 years, more than one million women died from cervical cancer in India, while Pap screening became "standard care" in other developing countries.

Unethical randomised controlled trial of cervical screening in India: US Freedom of Information Act disclosures.

A randomised controlled trial conducted in Mumbai, India, compared invasive cervical cancer rates among women offered cervical screening with invasive cervical cancer rates among women offered no-screening. The US Office for Human Research Protections determined the Mumbai trial was unethical because informed consent was not obtained from trial participants. Reportedly, cervical screening in the Mumbai trial reduced invasive cervical cancer mortality rates, but not invasive cervical cancer incidence rates.

Response by Eric Suba to Sankaranarayanan et al.

During the 1970s and 1980s, reports from several countries documented substantial reductions in incidence rates of cervical cancer and death rates following the introduction of cervical screening and confirmed the role of cervical screening as an archetypal preventive health intervention; moreover, reductions in death rates due to cervical cancer were directly related to levels of screening.

US-funded measurements of cervical cancer death rates in India: scientific and ethical concerns.

Background: Since 1998, randomised trials in India funded by the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation have compared cervical cancer death rates among 224,929 women offered cervical screening to those among 138,624 women offered no screening whatsoever. To date, at least 254 women in unscreened control groups have died of cervical cancer. The United States Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) determined that the subjects in the studies were not given adequate information for the purpose of providing informed consent.

Lessons learned from successful Papanicolaou cytology cervical cancer prevention in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Unlabelled: In 1996, we documented that the burden of cervical cancer in Vietnam was associated with troop movements during the Vietnam War. Subsequently, establishment of Papanicolaou screening in southern Vietnam was associated with reductions in cervical cancer incidence from 29.2/100,000 in 1998 to 16/100,000 in 2003.

Patient identification error among prostate needle core biopsy specimens--are we ready for a DNA time-out?

Purpose: Patient identification errors in surgical pathology often involve switches of prostate or breast needle core biopsy specimens among patients. We assessed strategies for decreasing the occurrence of these uncommon and yet potentially catastrophic events.

Materials And Methods: Root cause analyses were performed following 3 cases of patient identification error involving prostate needle core biopsy specimens.

Cervical cancer prevention for all the world's women: genuine promise resides in skilled quality management rather than novel screening approaches.

The debate over the best route for cervical cancer prevention in developing countries may be considered part of a larger debate over whether the global health community has become enamored with the promise of new approaches at the expense of delivering available preventives today. Pap screening, which is feasible anywhere cervical screening is appropriate, is the only intervention currently available for the prevention of cervical cancer in developing countries, and the Pap test will be an essential component of future novel preventive approaches. Cervical cancer vaccination, the long-term effectiveness of which is uncertain, will not eliminate screening requirements and is currently not affordable in developing countries.