Wintering loons in South Korea face an ongoing threat from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Shifting sources and potential DNA damage.

Diving birds, particularly those sharing coastal habitats with fishing grounds, are at risk from oil pollution. Despite documented cases of bird mortality, the specific role of oil pollution in these death remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, this study examined polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination, its sources, and its impact on loon health.

Mitochondrial genome of the black-throated loon, (Gaviiformes: Gaviidae): phylogeny and evolutionary history.

We sequenced the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of . The circular mt genome is 17,065 bp long, consisting of 37 genes (13 proteins, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs) and a control region. Phylogenetic analysis based on the full mt genome sequences confirmed that the genus is a monophyletic group, containing the , , and .

10 Gbps WDM transmission performance limits using in-line SOAs and an optical phase conjugator based on four-wave mixing in SOAs as a mid-span spectral inversion technique.

We have theoretically investigated the transmission performance limits of all semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA)-based 10 Gb/s wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems using in-line SOAs and an optical phase conjugator (OPC) based on four-wave mixing in SOAs as a mid-span spectral inversion technique. With a verified numerical model of SOAs, we have found that the crosstalk from SOAs in OPC is a dominant factor to limit the number of channels in WDM systems. In order to increase the available number of channels, we optimize the input optical power and the injection current to SOAs in OPC with using a reservoir channel in in-line SOAs.