Detecting biomarkers associated with antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal syndromes by using machine learning techniques.

Background: Antipsychotic-associated extrapyramidal syndromes (EPS) are a common side effect that may result in discontinuation of treatment. Although some clinical features of individuals who develop specific EPSs are well defined, no specific laboratory parameter has been identified to predict the risk of developing EPS.

Methods: Three hundred and ninety hospitalizations of patients under antipsychotic medication were evaluated.

Serum nitric oxide levels are depleted in depressed patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy.

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous substance which has several endocrine functions and may act as neurotransmitter in the brain. High levels of NO may provoke nitrosative stress.

Aim: It was aimed to examine serum levels of NO in patients with depressive episodes who were treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in this study.

Electroconvulsive Therapy and Extracellular Matrix Glycoproteins in Patients with Depressive Episodes.

Background: The brain extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of glycoproteins deriving from the cell membrane and joining into nets called perineuronal nets (PNNs). The ECM glycoproteins limit neuroplasticity, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is provided by electrical currents that may alter several cascades and biophysical effects.