T2/FLAIR mismatch and diffusion restriction as novel pathophysiological markers in MRI evaluation of central tegmental tract hyperintensity in pediatric patients.

Introduction: Central tegmental tract hyperintensity (CTTH) on T2-weighted imaging is an uncommon neuroimaging finding in pediatric patients with unclear clinical significance. CTTH may represent either a physiological or pathological process. This study evaluates the relationship between CTTH and MRI sequences (FLAIR, DWI) to explore its diagnostic value.

Correlation between early computed tomography findings and neurological outcome in pediatric traumatic brain injury patients.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Head computed tomography (CT) is frequently utilized for evaluating trauma-related characteristics, selecting treatment options, and monitoring complications in the early stages. This study assessed the relationship between cranial CT findings and early and late neurological outcomes in pediatric TBI patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Nutcracker syndrome in pediatrics: initial findings and long-term follow-up results.

Background: Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) describes a set of symptoms and signs resulting from compression of the left renal vein (LRV). There is a lack of knowledge about its natural course, diagnosis, and management, especially in children. Herein, we present our single-center experience with a large number of patients who have long-term follow-up results.

Early period intensive care follow-up after liver transplantation in children: a single center experience.

Background: Liver transplantation (LT) is a well-established, life-saving treatment for children with irreversible acute and chronic liver failure (LF). We aimed to evaluate the factors associated with morbidity and mortality in the early period of LT in children by reviewing our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) experience.

Methods: We reviewed children`s medical records followed in the PICU after LT between May 2015-August 2021, including demographic parameters, indications for LT, operative variables, respiratory and circulatory support requirements, LT-related complications and survival.

Childhood-Onset Sacroiliitis: Causes and Correlation Between Clinical Findings and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Objective: The aims of this study were to describe disease associations of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-confirmed and clinically symptomatic sacroiliitis in pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases and to examine the relationship between patient characteristics and MRI findings of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ).

Methods: Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the electronic medical records of the patients with sacroiliitis followed in the last 5 years. Active inflammatory and structural damage lesions of the SIJ-MRI were examined by the modified Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada scoring system, and correlation analysis of these results with clinical characteristics was evaluated.

[Evaluation of the Epidemiological, Clinical and Radiological Features of Pneumonia Cases Caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Childhood].

The current study aimed to investigate the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings of the pneumonia cases in children that were confirmed as M.pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and to reveal the factors that can be decisive in the diagnosis. Seventy-seven children were included in this study.

Pediatric Invasive Aspergillosis: a Retrospective Review of 59 Cases.

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to present our 10-year IA experience at a single center. Fifty-nine pediatric patients with IA were included in this study.

The unique features of middle cranial fossa and Sylvian fissure arachnoid cysts in children: MRI evaluation.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to evaluate MRI findings of middle fossa arachnoid cysts in children according to Galassi classification and determine the differences between types and to assess the morphological changes in cysts during follow-up imaging.

Methods: MR images of 266 middle fossa arachnoid cysts of 255 pediatric patients were evaluated by two experienced radiologists retrospectively. MRI features including the sidedness of the cyst, Galassi type, parenchymal compression findings (cortical flattening and white matter compression), bone remodeling, and midline shift were evaluated on axial T2- and T1-weighted images.

Clinical features and outcomes of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit due to posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical features, neuroimaging findings and outcomes of the children admitted to our tertiary pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) due to posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).

Methods: This was a retrospective study where the hospital records of children admitted to PICU due to PRES between January 1, 2011 and January 1, 2021 were reviewed.

Results: We enrolled 14 patients with a median age of 8 years (IQR 2.

Pituitary gland volumes in children with normal endocrine function.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often the first modality of choice in the detection of pituitary pathologies due to its excellent contrast resolution and high spatial resolution. However, evaluating the size of the pituitary gland is somewhat difficult since the gland morphology varies widely among individuals.

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide normal reference values for pituitary volumes in the pediatric population using three-dimensional (3-D) MRI data.

SARS-CoV-2 infection showing signs of cerebral sinus vein thrombosis in the infantile period.

The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly involve the respiratory system. However, there is increasing evidence that this virus can affect other organs, causing a wide range of clinical symptoms. This is the report of a 40-day-old patient who presented with sepsis and had no risk factors other than SARS-CoV-2 infection, whose radiological findings were compatible with cerebral sinus vein thrombosis.

Orbital structures in the pediatric age group: A normative assessment using magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: Many diseases of traumatic, infectious, endocrinologic and neoplastic origin can lead to orbital involvement and related morphological changes. In the present study, we aimed to determine the age-based normal orbital measurements using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pediatric patients.

Methods: Our retrospective study included 186 patients with normal orbital MRI findings.

An indirect effect of COVID-19 pandemic: Increased pediatric perforated appendicitis rate due to delayed admission.

Objectives: Appendicitis is a common surgical emergency among children. The coronavirus pandemic affected the system of hospitals more than any other field, and great amount of people were concerned about visiting the hospitals for any reason. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the profile of appendicitis by emphasizing perforated and acute appendicitis in the pandemic period and to compare the rates with previous three years.

Could urinary nerve growth factor and bladder wall thickness predict the treatment outcome of children with overactive bladder?

Objective: Bladder wall thickness (BWTh) measurements and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) /creatinine (Cr) values, as noninvasive tools, were found to predict daytime voiding problems in children with overactive bladder (OAB). The goal of this research was to examine if bladder wall thickness together with urine NGF/Cr could be a clinical utility in treatment outcome of OAB in children.

Patients And Methods: A total of 60 children with OAB, (Group 1; n=40) and healthy normal controls (Group 2; n=20), aged 6-14 years old were involved in this prospective study.

The role of galactomannan test results in the diagnosis of pediatric invasive aspergillosis.

Background: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed children. Early detection of the infection can improve prognosis in this patient population.

Objectives: To investigate the utility of galactomannan antigen assay (GM-EIA) as a diagnostic tool for IA in at-risk paediatric patients.

Nutcracker syndrome: a potentially underdiagnosed cause of proteinuria in children with familial Mediterranean fever.

Introduction: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common hereditary autoinflammatory disease with an increased risk for secondary amyloidosis. Since lifelong colchicine has been the treatment of choice that prevents renal amyloidosis, non-amyloid kidney diseases are more frequently considered in the differential diagnosis of proteinuria. Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) can be one of the confounding causes.

Infantile systemic lupus erythematous presenting as nephrotic syndrome in a 12-month-old boy: a case report.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is extremely rare in infants and has been reported to be a much more severe disease with higher prevalence of critical organ involvement. Herein we present the clinical and laboratory features of infantile SLE (iSLE) with an onset of nephrotic syndrome (NS) during the first year of life.

Case: A 12-month-old boy was suffering from generalized edema for two months.

A 2-Year-Old Boy With Hypoxemia, Pulmonary Hypertension, and Digital Clubbing.

A 2-year-old boy was referred to the Ankara University School of Medicine Children's Hospital with a history of recurrent respiratory distress and cyanosis since birth. His medical history was significant for premature birth at 31 weeks via cesarean section, as an infant of a diabetic mother. There was no parental consanguinity.