Effectiveness, safety, and patterns of use of camrelizumab in advanced esophageal cancer: an individual patient data pooled analysis of 987 patients from three prospective cohort studies.

Background And Aims: This individual patient data pooled analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and patterns of use of camrelizumab in a large cohort of advanced esophageal cancer (AEC) patients.

Approach And Results: Adult patients (≥ 18 years) who had received camrelizumab as part of AEC treatment were pooled from three independent, prospective observational cohort studies (NCT04616040, ChiCTR1900027275, and ChiCTR2000039499). The main outcomes were patterns of camrelizumab use, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety in the overall population and specific subgroups of underrepresented patients.

Effect of comorbidity classes on survival of patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer.

Background: Comorbidities may complicate medical situations and have an impact on the treatment decisions and poor survival of cancer patients. How comorbidities cluster together and ultimately affect patients' outcomes in gastrointestinal tract cancer (GTC) is a poorly understood area.

Methods: In a multicenter prospective observational study from 2012 to 2021, we grouped the comorbidities of patients with GTC by latent class analysis, obtaining two comorbidity classes.

'Golden Ratio Yoshimura' for meta-stable and massively reconfigurable deployment.

Yoshimura origami is a classical folding pattern that has inspired many deployable structure designs. Its applications span from space exploration, kinetic architectures and soft robots to even everyday household items. However, despite its wide usage, Yoshimura has been fixated on a set of design constraints to ensure its flat foldability.

Development and validation of an inflammatory biomarkers model to predict gastric cancer prognosis: a multi-center cohort study in China.

Background: Inflammatory factors have increasingly become a more cost-effective prognostic indicator for gastric cancer (GC). The goal of this study was to develop a prognostic score system for gastric cancer patients based on inflammatory indicators.

Methods: Patients' baseline characteristics and anthropometric measures were used as predictors, and independently screened by multiple machine learning(ML) algorithms.

The potential of machine learning models to identify malnutrition diagnosed by GLIM combined with NRS-2002 in colorectal cancer patients without weight loss information.

Background & Aims: The key step of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) is nutritional risk screening, while the most appropriate screening tool for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is yet unknown. The GLIM diagnosis relies on weight loss information, and bias or even failure to recall patients' historical weight can cause misestimates of malnutrition. We aimed to compare the suitability of several screening tools in GLIM diagnosis, and establish machine learning (ML) models to predict malnutrition in CRC patients without weight loss information.

Integrated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and handgrip strength better predict survival in patients with cancer cachexia.

Objectives: Systemic inflammation and skeletal muscle strength play crucial roles in the development and progression of cancer cachexia. In this study we aimed to evaluate the combined prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and handgrip strength (HGS) for survival in patients with cancer cachexia.

Methods: This multicenter cohort study involved 1826 patients with cancer cachexia.

Value of the modified Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment in indicating the need for nutrition intervention and predicting overall survival in patients with malignant tumors in at least two organs.

Background: Although the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) is a reference standard used to assess a patient's nutrition status, it is cumbersome to administer. The aim of the present study was to estimate the value of a simpler and easier-to-use modified PG-SGA (mPG-SGA) to evaluate the nutrition status and need for intervention in patients with malignant tumors present in at least two organs.

Methods: A total of 591 patients (343 male and 248 female) were included from the INSCOC study.

Association of possible sarcopenia with all-cause mortality in patients with solid cancer: A nationwide multicenter cohort study.

Objectives: The concept of possible sarcopenia (PS) was recently introduced to enable timely intervention in settings without the technologies required to make a full diagnosis of sarcopenia. This study aimed to investigate the association between PS and all-cause mortality in patients with solid cancer.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Non-Invasive Detection of Biomolecular Abundance from Fermentative Microorganisms via Raman Spectra Combined with Target Extraction and Multimodel Fitting.

Biomolecular abundance detection of fermentation microorganisms is significant for the accurate regulation of fermentation, which is conducive to reducing fermentation costs and improving the yield of target products. However, the development of an accurate analytical method for the detection of biomolecular abundance still faces important challenges. Herein, we present a non-invasive biomolecular abundance detection method based on Raman spectra combined with target extraction and multimodel fitting.

Modified black phosphorus quantum dots promotes spinal cord injury repair by targeting the AKT signaling pathway.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious refractory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which mostly caused by high-energy trauma. Existing interventions such as hormone shock and surgery are insufficient options, which relate to the secondary inflammation and neuronal dysfunction. Hydrogel with neuron-protective behaviors attracts tremendous attention, and black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) encapsulating with Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) hydrogels (E@BP) is designed for inflammatory modulation and SCI treatment in this study.

First-line serplulimab or placebo plus chemotherapy in PD-L1-positive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a randomized, double-blind phase 3 trial.

First-line systemic therapeutic options for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are limited. In this multicenter, double-blind phase 3 trial, a total of 551 patients with previously untreated, locally advanced or metastatic ESCC and PD-L1 combined positive score of ≥1 were randomized (2:1) to receive serplulimab (an anti-PD-1 antibody; 3 mg/kg) or placebo (on day 1), plus cisplatin (50 mg/m) (on day 1) and continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (1,200 mg/m) (on days 1 and 2), once every 2 weeks. The study met the primary endpoints.

Engineering by Cuts: How Kirigami Principle Enables Unique Mechanical Properties and Functionalities.

Kirigami, the ancient art of paper cutting, has evolved into a design and fabrication framework to engineer multi-functional materials and structures at vastly different scales. By slit cutting with carefully designed geometries, desirable mechanical behaviors-such as accurate shape morphing, tunable auxetics, super-stretchability, buckling, and multistability-can be imparted to otherwise inflexible sheet materials. In addition, the kirigami sheet provides a versatile platform for embedding different electronic and responsive components, opening up avenues for building the next generations of metamaterials, sensors, and soft robotics.

Chronic Inflammation Pathway NF-κB Cooperates with Epigenetic Reprogramming to Drive the Malignant Progression of Glioblastoma.

Without an effective strategy for targeted therapy, glioblastoma is still incurable with a median survival of only 15 months. Both chronic inflammation and epigenetic reprogramming are hallmarks of cancer. However, the mechanisms and consequences of their cooperation in glioblastoma remain unknown.

Creation and Assessment of a Prognostic Fat-Age-Inflammation Index "FAIN" in Patients With Cancer: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background And Aims: Malnutrition is highly prevalent and is related to multiple impaired clinical outcomes in cancer patients. This study aimed to create an objective, nutrition-related index specially for prognostic purposes in oncology populations.

Methods: We performed a multicenter cohort study including 14,134 cancer patients.

Nuclear Aurora kinase A switches mA reader YTHDC1 to enhance an oncogenic RNA splicing of tumor suppressor RBM4.

Aberrant RNA splicing produces alternative isoforms of genes to facilitate tumor progression, yet how this process is regulated by oncogenic signal remains largely unknown. Here, we unveil that non-canonical activation of nuclear AURKA promotes an oncogenic RNA splicing of tumor suppressor RBM4 directed by mA reader YTHDC1 in lung cancer. Nuclear translocation of AURKA is a prerequisite for RNA aberrant splicing, specifically triggering RBM4 splicing from the full isoform (RBM4-FL) to the short isoform (RBM4-S) in a kinase-independent manner.

Pre-injection of Zebrafish () Polyclonal Antibody Decreases the Mortality of Infected Zebrafish.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays an important role in an inflammatory cytokine storm. Over-secretion of TNF by the host in response to infection aggravates the disease. TNF expression level is positively correlated with the mortality caused by some bacterial infections.

Pneumatic Soft Actuators With Kirigami Skins.

Soft pneumatic actuators have become indispensable for many robotic applications due to their reliability, safety, and design flexibility. However, the currently available actuator designs can be challenging to fabricate, requiring labor-intensive and time-consuming processes like reinforcing fiber wrapping and elastomer curing. To address this issue, we propose to use simple-to-fabricate kirigami skins-plastic sleeves with carefully arranged slit cuts-to construct pneumatic actuators with pre-programmable motion capabilities.

Several anthropometric measurements and cancer mortality: predictor screening, threshold determination, and joint analysis in a multicenter cohort of 12138 adults.

Background: Anthropometric measurements (AMs) are cost-effective surrogates for evaluating body size. This study aimed to identify the optimal prognostic AMs, their thresholds, and their joint associations with cancer mortality.

Methods: We performed an observational cohort study including 12138 patients with cancer at five institutions in China.

A fusion decision system to identify and grade malnutrition in cancer patients: Machine learning reveals feasible workflow from representative real-world data.

Background And Aims: Most nutritional assessment tools are based on pre-defined questionnaires or consensus guidelines. However, it has been postulated that population data can be used directly to develop a solution for assessing malnutrition. This study established a machine learning (ML)-based, individualized decision system to identify and grade malnutrition using large-scale data from cancer patients.

Physical reservoir computing with origami and its application to robotic crawling.

A new paradigm called physical reservoir computing has recently emerged, where the nonlinear dynamics of high-dimensional and fixed physical systems are harnessed as a computational resource to achieve complex tasks. Via extensive simulations based on a dynamic truss-frame model, this study shows that an origami structure can perform as a dynamic reservoir with sufficient computing power to emulate high-order nonlinear systems, generate stable limit cycles, and modulate outputs according to dynamic inputs. This study also uncovers the linkages between the origami reservoir's physical designs and its computing power, offering a guideline to optimize the computing performance.

Comparison of the AWGS and optimal stratification-defined handgrip strength thresholds for predicting survival in patients with lung cancer.

Objectives: Handgrip strength (HGS) is related to cancer mortality. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS)- and optimal stratification (OS)-defined HGS thresholds for predicting the survival of patients with lung cancer (LC).

Methods: We performed an observational cohort study including 3230 patients with LC admitted to five institutions in China from November 2011 to January 2019.