Multiple isotopes decipher the nitrogen cycle in the cascade reservoirs and downstream in the middle and lower Yellow River: Insight for reservoir drainage period.

Intensive anthropogenic activities, such as excessive nitrogen input and dam construction, have altered the nitrogen cycle in the global river system. However, the focus on the source, transformation and fate of nitrogen in the Yellow River is still scarce. In this study, the multiple isotopes (δN-NO, δO-NO, δN-NH and δN-PN) were deciphered to explore the nitrogen cycling processes and the driving factors in the thermally stratified cascade reservoirs (Sanmenxia Reservoir: SMXR and Xiaolangdi Reservoir: XLDR) and Lower Yellow River (LYR) during the drainage period of the XLDR.

Role of CAST-Drp1 Pathway in Retinal Neuron-Regulated Necrosis in Experimental Glaucoma.

Objective: Numerous studies have indicated that excitatory amino acid toxicity, such as glutamate toxicity, is involved in glaucoma. In addition, excessive glutamate can lead to an intracellular calcium overload, resulting in regulated necrosis. Our previous studies have found that the calpastatin (CAST)-calpain pathway plays an important role in retinal neuron-regulated necrosis after glutamate injury.

Nutrient exchanges at the sediment-water interface and the responses to environmental changes in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.

Release from the sediment is an important nutrient source to the water column of global oceans, especially for marginal seas with active biogeochemical processes. Benthic nutrient biogeochemistry and its responses to environmental changes were investigated in the eastern marginal seas of China using a two-layer diffusion-advection-reaction diagenetic model. Overall, the sediment represented the primary nutrient source with fluxes of ~-342 ± 197, -1.

SIRT1 Mediates HS-Ameliorated Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction in Rats: Possible Involvement of Inhibiting Hippocampal Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Synaptic Dysfunction.

Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD) characterized by hippocampal injury increases the risk of major cerebrovascular events and death. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and synaptic dysfunction play vital roles in the pathological process. At present, no specific treatment exists for the prevention and/or the therapy of DACD.

Characterizing the impact of Three Gorges Dam on the Changjiang (Yangtze River): A story of nitrogen biogeochemical cycling through the lens of nitrogen stable isotopes.

The alterations of nitrogen sources and cycling within the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) and downstream the Changjiang were investigated to understand the impacts of the construction of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) and anthropogenic inputs from the associated watershed. Water samples collected in October 2016 were analyzed for hydrologic parameters, nutrient concentrations, and stable isotopes of nitrate (NO), ammonium (NH) and particulate matter. Nitrate dual stable isotope values ranged from +5.

Increases in the seaward river flux of nutrients driven by human migration and land-use changes in the tide-influenced delta.

Most large megacities are located on areas adjacent to tide-influenced deltas. However, contribution of megacities to seaward nutrient fluxes in tide-influenced deltas are poorly quantified in regional and global levels. We analyzed nutrient concentrations and water current data for a large and tide-influenced delta, the Changjiang (Yangtze River) since 1980.

Anthropogenic impacts on nutrient variability in the lower Yellow River.

Excessive nutrient discharges and changes in nutrient ratios caused by global change and anthropogenic activities have been reported in global rivers; however, the actual alterations occurring in the Yellow River environment is too fast to catch up with. From 2001 to 2018, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and dissolved silicon (DSi) concentrations showed decreasing trends in the lower Yellow River throughout the study period. Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) concentrations increased since 2009, reaching up to 95% of the total dissolved phosphorus.

Dissolution kinetics of biogenic silica and the recalculated silicon balance of the East China Sea.

We conducted field observations in the East China Sea (ECS) in 2010 and 2011 to determine the content and dissolution dynamics of bSiO in sediments of the ECS. The influencing factors on bSiO dissolution were investigated, and the regional silicon budget was recalculated. The sediment bSiO content in the ECS varied from 143 to 583 μmol g.

[Distribution and Emission of Nitrous Oxide (NO) in Three Gorges Reservoir and Downstream River].

Nitrous oxide (NO) is an important greenhouse gas and has a great impact on global warming. Affected by human activities, rivers, and reservoirs have become active sites for NO production and emission. In Three Gorges Reservoir and the downstream Yangtze River, the concentrations and fluxes of dissolved NO were investigated in September-October 2009 and October 2016 to identify the factors controlling the distribution of NO in the reservoir and the effect of damming and reservoir operation on NO emission from the Yangtze River.

BDNF-TrkB pathway mediates antidepressant-like roles of H S in diabetic rats via promoting hippocampal autophagy.

Hydrogen sulfide (H S) plays antidepressant-like roles in diabetic rats. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophic factor, plays important regulatory roles in depression by its high-affinity tropomysin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor.

Geochemical discrimination of bulk organic matter in surface sediments of the Cross River estuary system and adjacent shelf, South East Nigeria (West Africa).

Knowledge of the sources, distribution and fate of organic matter (OM) in estuarine and adjacent shelf sediments are important for the understanding of the global biogeochemical cycles. Bulk organic carbon (C-org), total nitrogen (TN), biogenic silica (BSi), stable carbon (δC-org) and nitrogen (δN) isotopes, and sediment grain sizes were measured to study the spatial distributions and sources of sediment OM in the Cross River estuary system (CRES) and adjacent shelf. Surface sediments in the CRES were composed of clayey silt and sandy silt, while the adjacent shelf sediments were mainly silty sand.

Distribution and emission of NO in the largest river-reservoir system along the Yellow River.

Rivers and reservoirs are affected by human activities and are sources of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (NO). Concentrations of NO in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and Xiaolangdi Reservoir, China, were measured in June and December 2017. Fluxes were estimated by boundary layer method to explore their controlling factors, especially the impact of damming and reservoir operation.

Hypoxia and nutrient dynamics affected by marine aquaculture in a monsoon-regulated tropical coastal lagoon.

The Laoyehai (lagoon) is located at the east coast of Hainan Island in the South China Sea and has been subject to perturbations from human activities, notably marine aquaculture, and has eutrophic surface and hypoxic near-bottom waters. A lack of knowledge of hydrodynamic and biogeochemical processes is a challenge to the sustainable management of lagoon at the ecosystem level in science. Five field campaigns, including three during the southwest monsoon and two in the northeast monsoon periods, were carried out at the Laoyehai in 2008-2011.

Vascular endothelial growth factor activates neural stem cells through epidermal growth factor receptor signal after spinal cord injury.

Aims: Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mammalian spinal cord are activated in response to spinal cord injury (SCI); however, mechanisms modulating this process are not clear. Here, we noticed SCI elevated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and we aimed to validate the roles of VEGF in NSCs activation after SCI and investigated the related signals during the process.

Methods: In vitro we detected whether VEGF promoted spinal cord NSCs proliferation and investigated the involved signals; In vivo, we injected VEGF into rat spinal cord to check the NSCs activation.

Hypoxia off the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary and in the adjacent East China Sea: Quantitative approaches to estimating the tidal impact and nutrient regeneration.

Large areas of hypoxia have been reported off The Changjiang Estuary and in the East China Sea. Five cruises, covering winter, spring, and summer, were carried out from 2007 to 2013 in this region, and in August 2013 (summer), an extensive hypoxic event (11,150km) was observed, which was characterized by an estimated bulk oxygen depletion of 5.1 million tons.

Process study of biogeochemical cycling of dissolved inorganic arsenic during spring phytoplankton bloom, southern Yellow Sea.

Previous studies in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) suggest that large spring phytoplankton blooms (SPBs) have occurred in recent decades. Elevated primary production in the water column can lead to the accumulation and transformation of trace elements. Two field study cruises (including two drifting anchor surveys) were conducted on 12-19 February and from 24 March to 15 April 2009, to investigate the impact of different SPB development periods on the concentrations of total dissolved inorganic arsenic (TDIAs: [TDIAs]=[As(V)]+[As(III)]) and As(III) (arsenite) in the SYS.

Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Shivering during Cesarean Delivery under Spinal Anesthesia.

Shivering associated with spinal anesthesia during Cesarean delivery is an uncomfortable experience for the parturient, which may also cause adverse effects. In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we sought to evaluate the effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine, administered as an adjunct to hyperbaric bupivacaine for Cesarean delivery, on the incidence and severity of shivering associated with spinal anesthesia. Patients undergoing Cesarean delivery were randomly allocated to three groups of 30 patients each.

[Surface Property and Sorption Characteristics of Phosphorus onto Surface Sediments in Sanggou Bay].

Kinetic curves and isotherms were investigated to study the sorption mechanism of phosphorus onto the sediments of Sanggou Bay, together with the surface charge properties of sediments and the forms of phosphorus studied. The results showed that the sorption including a fast process and a slow one, and could be described by a two-compartment first order equation. The thermodynamic isotherms were well fitted with a modified Langmuir equation.

Hypoxia-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Is Involved in Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a severe disease that contributes to the morbidity and mortality of a number of lung diseases. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to lung fibrosis are poorly understood. This study investigated the roles of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the associated molecular mechanisms in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis.

Biogeochemistry of bulk organic matter and biogenic elements in surface sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent sea.

This study investigated the distribution and roles of total organic carbon (TOC), biogenic silicon (BSi), various forms of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and the stable carbon isotope (δ(13)C) in surface sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) and adjacent sea. Terrestrial input accounted for 12-63% of total organic matter in the study area. The distribution of biogenic elements was affected by the Changjiang Diluted Water, the Jiangsu Coastal Current, human activities, marine biological processes, and the sediment grain size.

[Distribution, seasonal variation and influence factors of dissolved inorganic arsenic in the Sanggou Bay].

The biogeochemical behavior of arsenic in the aquatic environment has already captured the attentions of scientists due to its complex forms and toxicity. Four cruises were carried out in April, August, October 2011 and January 2012 in the Sanggou Bay. The concentrations of total dissolved inorganic arsenic (TDIAs, TDIAs = [ As(5+] + [As(3+)]) and arsenite (As(3+)) were measured by Hydride Generation-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (HG-AFS).

[Study on the dissolution behavior of biogenic silica in the Changjiang Estuary adjacent sea].

Spatial distribution of biogenic silica (BSi) and factors influencing BSi preservation and dissolution in sediments were discussed based on the investigation in the Changjiang Estuary adjacent sea. The results showed that the contents of BSi were higher in nearshore sediments than those in offshore sediments. Terrestrial input, sediment accumulation rate and hydrodynamic conditions were the dominant factors affecting BSi preservation in sediments.

[Study on distribution of phosphorus in surface sediments of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea].

Different phosphorus compositions (TP, IP and OP) were determined in surface sediments of the Yellow Sea (YS) and the East China Sea (ECS),sampled from two cruises between March and June, 2011. The results showed that, contents of TP were from 10.50 micromol x g(-1) to 24.

[Distribution and air-sea fluxes of methane in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in the spring].

A survey was carried out in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea from March 17 to April 06 of 2011. Dissolved CH4 in various depths were measured and sea-to-air fluxes were estimated. Methane concentrations in surface and bottom waters ranged between 2.