Enhanced SIRT1 Activity by Galangin Mitigates UVB-Induced Senescence in Dermal Fibroblasts via p53 Acetylation Regulation and Activation.

Human skin aging, a complex process influenced by intrinsic aging and extrinsic photoaging, is marked by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause DNA damage, impaired dermal fibroblast function, and wrinkle formation. External stressors, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, can trigger cellular senescence. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), an NAD-dependent enzyme in the sirtuin family, plays a crucial role in deacetylating p53, thereby inhibiting its nuclear translocation and reducing skin senescence.

Analysis of mutation profiles in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma: clinical and prognostic correlations.

The molecular pathogenesis of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) remains obscured despite the next-generation sequencing (NGS) studies explored on ever larger cohorts in the last decade. We addressed the highly variable mutation frequencies reported among previous studies with comprehensive amplicon coverage and enhanced sequencing depth to achieve higher genomic resolution for novel genetic discovery and comparative mutational profiling of the oncogenesis of NKTCL. Targeted exome sequencing was conducted to interrogate 415 cancer-related genes in a cohort of 36 patients with NKTCL, and a total of 548 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and 600 Copy number variances (CNVs) were identified.

Effects of Reishimmune-S, a Fungal Immunomodulatory Peptide Supplement, on the Quality of Life and Circulating Natural Killer Cell Profiles of Patients With Early Breast Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of Reishimmune-S, a fungal immunomodulatory peptide, on the quality of life (QoL) and natural killer (NK) cell subpopulations in patients receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) for breast cancer (BC).

Methods: Patients who received adjuvant ET for stage I-III hormone receptor-positive BC without active infection were enrolled in this prospective pilot study. Reishimmune-S was administered sublingually daily for 6 months.

Activation of PI3K/Akt mediates the protective effect of diallyl trisulfide on doxorubicin induced cardiac apoptosis.

Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), an organosulfide compound derived from garlic, is renowned for its potent antioxidant properties, particularly in countering the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has also gained recognition as a potential agent for preventing heart-related conditions. Doxorubicin (Dox), a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, is known to induce severe cardiac complications by promoting ROS production.

Impact of Type 1 Versus Type 2 Diabetes on Developing Herpes Zoster and Post-herpetic Neuralgia: A Population-based Cohort Study.

Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. However, the association of type 1 diabetes with herpes zoster or postherpetic neuralgia remains unclear. This retrospective cohort study using Taiwan's Health Insurance Research Database included 199,566 patients with type 1 diabetes and 1,458,331 with type 2 diabetes, identified during the period 2000 to 2012.

Paeoniflorin found in Paeonia lactiflora root extract inhibits melanogenesis by regulating melanin-related signal transduction in B16F10 cells.

Background: Skin pigmentation is modulated by various processes, with melanogenesis playing a key role. Melanin is synthesized by the catalysis of melanogenesis-related enzymes, such as tyrosinase and tyrosine-related proteins TRP-1 and TRP-2. Paeoniflorin is the main bioactive component of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.

Doxorubicin induced ROS-dependent HIF1α activation mediates blockage of IGF1R survival signaling by IGFBP3 promotes cardiac apoptosis.

Doxorubicin (Dox) causes the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inactivates insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling, leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis. IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) is the most abundant circulating IGF1 carrier protein with high affinity, which has been reported to mediate ROS-induced apoptosis. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1A), an upstream protein of IGFBP3 is regulated by prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) through hydroxylation.

Reversion of glucocorticoid-induced senescence and collagen synthesis decrease by LY294002 is mediated through p38 in skin.

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most common treatment for inflammatory skin disorders; however, they show several adverse side effects, including atrophy and collagen decrease following chronic treatment. In particular, transcription factors and p38 signaling for collagen synthesis have been shown to be suppressed by the active glucocorticoid receptor (GR). LY294002 (LY), a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, has been reported to protect keratinocytes in epidermis against GC-induced hypoplasia; however, its protective effect in dermis remains unclear.

Silmitasertib, a casein kinase 2 inhibitor, induces massive lipid droplet accumulation and nonapoptotic cell death in head and neck cancer cells.

Background: Accumulating evidence shows that high expression of casein kinase 2 (CK2) and phosphorylated acetyl CoA carboxylase (pACC) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) correlates with decreased survival rates. Computational analysis has shown that ACC is a potential substrate for CK2, and its inhibition can suppress ACC phosphorylation in vitro. CX-4945, also known as silmitasertib, is an orally administered, highly specific, ATP-competitive inhibitor of CK2 and is under clinical investigation as a treatment for malignancies.

Seven traditional Chinese herbal extracts fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus provide anti-pigmentation effects by regulating the CREB/MITF/tyrosinase pathway.

Skin pigmentation is resulted from several processes, such as melanin synthesis transportation and abnormal melanin accumulation in keratinocytes. Various studies have suggested that seven traditional Chinese herbal extracts from Atractylodes macrocephala, Paeonia lactiflora, Bletilla striata, Poria cocos, Dictamnus dasycarpus, Ampelopsis japonica and Tribulus terrestris (which we collectively named ChiBai), show several protective effects toward skin-related diseases. Lactobacillus rhamnosus, a lactic acid bacterium, has been reported to treat skin inflammation and atopic dermatitis.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 mediates apoptosis inhibition through reducing mitochondrial ROS and activating Bcl-2 in gemcitabine-resistant lung cancer A549 cells.

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In this study, we used lung adenocarcinoma cells as a model, as lung adenocarcinoma has the highest mortality rate among all lung cancers. For the past few years, medical treatments or lung cancer have been limited because of chemotherapy resistance.

Extracts of Jasminum sambac flowers fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus inhibit H O - and UVB-induced aging in human dermal fibroblasts.

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is a crucial factor that leads to skin photoaging and results in increased DNA damage, oxidative stress, and collagen degradation. Jasmine flowers have been utilized as a traditional medicine in Asia to treat various diseases, including dermatitis, diarrhea, and fever. Furthermore, the fermented broth of Lactobacillus rhamnosus has been reported to exert protective effects on the skin.

Prognostic Value of the Overexpression of Fatty Acid Metabolism-Related Enzymes in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.

Reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism, such as lipid metabolism, is a hallmark of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, whether protein expression related to fatty acid oxidation (FAO) affects survival in SCCHN remains unclear. We aimed to investigate FAO-related enzyme expression and determine its correlation with clinicopathological variables in SCCHN patients.

Over expression of CDK4 and MDM2 in a patient with recurrent ALK-negative mediastinal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: A case report.

Rationale: The diagnosis of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT) remains challenging because of their morphological resemblance with spindle cell sarcoma with myofibroblastic characteristics.

Patient Concerns: A 69-year-old female patient presented with loco-regional recurrent IMT several times within 8 years after primary treatment and neck lymph node metastasis 3.5 years after last recurrence.

Roles of p38α and p38β mitogen‑activated protein kinase isoforms in human malignant melanoma A375 cells.

Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Melanoma accounts for ~5% of skin cancers but causes the large majority of skin cancer‑related deaths. Recent discoveries have shown that the mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is critical for melanoma development and progression.

Protective effects of galangin against H O -induced aging via the IGF-1 signaling pathway in human dermal fibroblasts.

Galangin, a natural flavonol, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potential. However, the cytoprotective effects of galangin against oxidative-induced aging in human fibroblasts have not been well studied. IGF-1 signaling pathway is associated with the control of aging and longevity in human.

ROS- and HIF1α-dependent IGFBP3 upregulation blocks IGF1 survival signaling and thereby mediates high-glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

The prevalence of chronic hyperglycemia and its complications, imposing a critical burden on the worldwide economy and the global healthcare system, is a pressing issue. Mounting evidence indicates that oxidative stress and hypoxia, two noticeable features of hyperglycemia, play a joint crucial role in mediating cellular apoptosis. However, the underlying detailed molecular mechanism remains elusive.

D1359Y mutation in a patient with gastric polyposis and cancer susceptibility: A case report and review of literature.

Gastric polyposis is a rare disease. Not all polyps progress to cancer. Monoallelic mutation in Fanconi anemia (FA) genes, unlike biallelic gene mutations that causes typical FA phenotype, can increase risks of cancers in a sporadic manner.

A Single Institution Experience of Incorporation of Cisplatin into Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer of Unknown Mutation Status.

The clinical benefit of adding platinum to adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has not been well investigated, although it was associated an improved response rate in neoadjuvant setting. We retrospectively analyzed the time to tumor progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) of patients with resected stage I-III TNBC who were treated with or without cisplatin-containing chemotherapy (CisCT or noCisCT) during 2004 and 2010. Of 129 patients, 25 received CisCT.

STAT3 exacerbates survival of cancer stem-like tumorspheres in EGFR-positive colorectal cancers: RNAseq analysis and therapeutic screening.

Background: Cancer stem cells are capable of undergoing cell division after surviving cancer therapies, leading to tumor progression and recurrence. Inhibitory agents against cancer stem cells may be therapeutically used for efficiently eradicating tumors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the relevant driver genes that maintain cancer stemness in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and to discover effective therapeutic agents against these genes.

Epidermal growth factor induces STAT1 expression to exacerbate the IFNr-mediated PD-L1 axis in epidermal growth factor receptor-positive cancers.

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) overexpressed in many cancers, including lung and head and neck cancers, and is involved in cancer cell progression and survival. PD-L1, increases in tumor cells to evade and inhibit CD8+ T cells, is a clinical immunotherapeutic target. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of EGF on regulating PD-L1 in EGFR-positive cancers and determined potential agents to reduce PD-L1 expression.

EGFR-mediated interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3 contributes to formation and survival of cancer stem-like tumorspheres as a therapeutic target against EGFR-positive non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: YM155, an inhibitor of interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3 (ILF3), significantly suppresses cancer stemness property, implying that ILF3 contributes to cell survival of cancer stem cells. However, the molecular function of ILF3 inhibiting cancer stemness remains unclear. This study aimed to uncover the potential function of ILF3 involving in cell survival of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive lung stem-like cancer, and to investigate the potential role to improve the efficacy of anti-EGFR therapeutics.

Fenofibrate induced PPAR alpha expression was attenuated by oestrogen receptor alpha overexpression in Hep3B cells.

The physiological regulation of Oestrogen receptor α (ERα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. The present study we first treat the cells with fenofibrate and further investigated the possible mechanisms of 17β-estradiol (E ) and/or ERα on regulating PPARα expression. We also found higher PPARα expression in the tumor area than adjacent areas and subsequently compared PPARα expression in four different hepatic cancer cell lines.