Security Comparison of Various Surgical Knots Using Nylon Suture.

Objective: To evaluate the strengths of various surgical knot techniques, including square knot, surgeon's knot, granny knot, and random knot with the same three throws.

Methods: The authors tested each of the four knot techniques using four different gauges of nylon (polyamide [Ethicon]): 4-0, 5-0, 6-0, and 7-0. Each knot type was tested 20 times per nylon gauge, for a total of 320 knots tested.

Neglected posterior interosseous nerve injury.

Posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) injury is uncommon due to its anatomically deep location. We report a neglected, rare case of PIN injury presenting the loss of extension of thumb, index, and small fingers with weakness of thumb abduction in a 49-year-old male patient. The patient sustained a penetrating injury to his right forearm caused by a kitchen knife that was repaired primarily through an emergency surgery under general anesthesia.

Recurred forehead osteoma disseminated after previous osteoma excision: A case report.

Background: Forehead osteoma is a commonly encountered benign facial bone tumor. Endoscopic excision of benign forehead masses is widely performed. Here, we report a rare case of recurrent forehead osteoma that disseminated after a previous osteoma excision.

Successful pedicled vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap reconstruction with negative-pressure wound therapy for deep sternal wound infection: a case report and comprehensive review.

Introduction: Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) is a serious complication that may occur after median sternotomy, with potentially devastating consequences. By reporting our case and analyzing the existing literature, this article aimed to provide a thorough understanding of the role of negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and the importance of flap choice in managing DSWI accompanied by severe heart injury and high hemodynamic risk.

Case Description: A 60-year-old woman with severe aortic stenosis, aortic valve regurgitation, and heart failure underwent redo sternotomy, which resulted in an intraoperative right ventricle injury.

Gouty tenosynovitis with compartment syndrome in the hand: A case report.

Background: Gout is a common type of inflammatory arthritis caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joints and surrounding tissues. It typically appears with abrupt and intense pain, redness, and swelling in the affected joint. It frequently targets the lower extremities, such as the big toe.

Reconstruction of the lower back wound with delayed infection after spinal surgery: A case report.

Background: Orthopedic surgeries after device implantation are susceptible to infections and may require device removal in the worst cases. For this reason, many efforts are being made to control infections after spinal surgery; however, the number of infection cases is increasing owing to the increasing number of elderly citizens.

Case Summary: A 75-year-old male with a chronic spinal defect due to previous spine surgery underwent reconstruction using a perforator-based island flap.

Free flap reconstruction of scalp in a case of advanced lung cancer with brain metastasis: A case report.

Rationale: Reconstruction of wound complications in patients with advanced cancer with distant metastases is challenging for plastic surgeons. This may be due to the cancer patients' hypercoagulability and potential intolerance to general anesthesia. This article aimed to discuss the risk of free-flap reconstruction in such cases.

Successful reconstruction of an ankle defect with free tissue transfer in a hemophilia A patient with repetitive hemoarthrosis: A case report.

Background: Hemophilia, an uncommon yet consequential hereditary bleeding disorder, manifests as two clinically indistinguishable forms that hinder the normal functioning of the coagulation cascade. This impairment renders individuals more susceptible to excessive bleeding during significant surgical interventions. Moreover, individuals with severe hemophilia frequently encounter recurring hemarthrosis, resulting in progressive joint destruction and, subsequently, the need for hip and knee replacement surgeries.

Devastating complication of negative pressure wound therapy after deep inferior epigastric perforator free flap surgery: A case report.

Background: Thermal injuries on free transferred or replanted tissues resulting from loss of sensibility are an infrequent occurrence. They require immediate and appropriate management before they progress to an irreversible condition. Although negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) can prevent wound progression by increasing microcirculation, the inappropriate application of NPWT on complication-threatened transferred and replanted tissues can induce an adverse effect.

An Anatomical Study of the Palmaris Brevis, Transverse Carpal Ligament, and the Recurrent Motor Branch of the Median Nerve.

The anatomical structures in relation to the carpal tunnel release are the palmaris brevis muscle (PBM), transverse carpal ligament (TCL), and the recurrent motor branch of the median nerve (RMBMN). Our aim is to describe the gross morphology in the Korean population of the PBM, TCL, and RMBMN specifically looking for anomalies, and to determine the muscles encountered during a standard carpal tunnel release. A total of 30 cadaveric hands were dissected.

The Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells through G0/G1 Arrest and the p-ERK/Runx-2 Pathway by Sonic Vibration.

Mechanical/physical stimulations modulate tissue metabolism, and this process involves multiple cellular mechanisms, including the secretion of growth factors and the activation of mechano-physically sensitive kinases. Cells and tissue can be modulated through specific vibration-induced changes in cell activity, which depend on the vibration frequency and occur via differential gene expression. However, there are few reports about the effects of medium-magnitude (1.

Versatility of the Posterior Interosseous Artery Flap: Emphasis on Powering Up the Toe Transfer.

Background: Reverse-flow posterior interosseous artery (rPIA) flap is an excellent tool for restoration of defects in the hand and upper extremity, sparing the main arteries to the hand. Its reliability has been well established.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-one cases of rPIA flap involving 49 patients were retrospectively reviewed.

Temporal Hollowing Augmentation With Polyetheretherketone Patient-Specific Implant.

Temporal hollowing is a common complication of surgical dissection in the temporal region. As it is a serious cosmetic problem, the need for reconstruction is increasing. Advances in medical imaging, computer software, 3-dimensional printing technology, and biochemistry have enabled surgeons to use patient-specific implants for correction of craniofacial deformities.

Analysis of the risk factors that determine composite graft survival for fingertip amputation.

The composite graft is the only surgical method that is able to maintain digital length and provide soft tissue coverage without donor site morbidities in microsurgically non-replantable fingertip amputations. This study aimed to explore the risk factors that determine the survival of composite grafts. Clinical characteristics associated with graft survival were retrospectively analysed by a comparison between the graft survival and failure groups.

Delayed formation of sterile abscess after zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture treatment with bioabsorbable plates.

We present a patient who showed a sterile abscess after facial bone fixation with bioabsorbable plates and screws. He had zygomaticomaxillary complex and periorbital fracture due to falling down. The displaced bones were treated by open reduction and internal fixation successfully using bioabsorbable plate system.

Anatomical study of the first dorsal extensor compartment for the treatment of de Quervain's disease.

Introduction: Anatomical variations of the first dorsal extensor compartment (1st EC) are commonly noted.

Materials And Methods: Forty cadaver hands were dissected to define the 1st EC. Through the gross findings, we classified the contents according to the presence of septation, subcompartment, and variation of tendons.

Long-term Fate of Denervated Skeletal Muscle After Microvascular Flap Transfer.

Background: Muscle flap is a valuable option in soft tissue reconstruction. Denervated skeletal muscle is known to undergo degeneration. However, information regarding histological and genetic changes in muscle free flap without reinnervation over long-term follow-up remains unclear.

Reverse-Flow Intrinsic Fasciocutaneous Island Flaps in Foot Reconstruction.

Reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the foot remains a challenge due to its specialized tissue for weightbearing and ambulation. Considering the principle of replacing "like with like," adjacent soft tissues would be a best option for a donor site. Although several kinds of reverse-flow island flaps for the lower leg have been well described, intrinsic foot reverse flow flaps have been rarely reported.

The Fate of the Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells during Angiogenesis and Adipogenesis after Cell-Assisted Lipotransfer.

Background: Cell-assisted lipotransfer is a process in which fat grafting is supplemented with autologous adipose-derived stromal cells. Since the efficacy of the technique was demonstrated, studies have focused on the mechanism by which cell-assisted lipotransfer enhances the rate of graft survival. However, the microenvironmental changes in donor and recipient tissue associated with cell-assisted lipotransfer remain unclear.

An Aberrant Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle Crossing Guyon's Canal.

Anomalous hypothenar muscles in the wrist are relatively common with 47% prevalence, and their possible consequences associated with Guyon's canal are well known. The accessory of the abductor digiti minimi muscle (ADM) is known to be one of the causes of ulnar tunnel syndrome or ulnar artery thrombosis. A unique ADM was found in the volar wrist region of an 87-year-old male cadaver passing through Guyon's canal.

Vascular Augmentation in Renal Transplantation: Supercharging and Turbocharging.

The most common anatomic variant seen in donor kidneys for renal transplantation is the presence of multiple renal arteries, which can cause an increased risk of complications. Accessory renal arteries should be anastomosed to the proper source arteries to improve renal perfusion via the appropriate vascular reconstruction techniques. In microsurgery, 2 kinds of vascular augmentation methods, known as 'supercharging' and 'turbocharging,' have been introduced to ensure vascular perfusion in the transferred flap.

Anatomical Study of the Infraorbital Nerve and Surrounding Structures for the Surgery of Orbital Floor Fractures.

The infraorbital nerve (ION) can easily be damaged by orbital trauma and periorbital surgical manipulations, due to its abutment to the orbital floor. Anatomic variability of the ION and surrounding structures has infrequently been documented. The aim of this study is to give precise anatomical knowledge about the ION with surrounding structures, to avoid iatrogenic injury of the ION during periorbital procedures.