Proximal tubule-derived exosomes contribute to mesangial cell injury in diabetic nephropathy via miR-92a-1-5p transfer.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an increasing threat to human health and regarded to be the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Exosomes delivery may play a key role in cross-talk among kidney cells and the progression of DN. However, the mechanisms underlying exosomes in DN remain unclear.

-Octyl Caffeamide, a Caffeic Acid Amide Derivative, Prevents Progression of Diabetes and Hepatic Steatosis in High-Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice.

The underlying pathological mechanisms of diabetes are complicated and varied in diabetic patients, which may lead to the current medications often failing to maintain glycemic control in the long term. Thus, the discovery of diverse new compounds for developing medicines to treat diabetes and its complications are urgently needed. Polyphenols are metabolites of plants and have been employed in the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases.

Investigation of the Relationship between Cardiovascular Biomarkers and Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in Hemodialysis Patients.

Brachial−ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and cardiovascular (CV) biomarkers are correlated with clinical cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in patients with kidney disease. However, limited studies evaluated the relationship between baPWV and CV biomarkers in hemodialysis patients. This study investigated the relationship between circulating CV biomarkers and baPWV in patients on hemodialysis.

Autocrine Exosomal Fibulin-1 as a Target of MiR-1269b Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Proximal Tubule in Diabetic Nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an increasing threat to human health and is regarded to be the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Exosomes deliver biomolecule massages and may play a key role in cell communication and the progression of DN. A cross-disciplinary study, including , , and human studies, was conducted to explore the cross-talk within proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) in DN.

The relationship of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate with target cardiovascular proteins in hemodialysis patients.

Protein-bound uremic toxins (Indoxyl sulfate [IS] and p-cresyl sulfate [PCS]) are both associated with cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality in subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Possible mechanisms have not been elucidated. In hemodialysis patients, we investigated the relationship between the free form of IS and PCS and 181 CV-related proteins.

Lung Cancer Cell-Derived Secretome Mediates Paraneoplastic Inflammation and Fibrosis in Kidney in Mice.

Kidney failure is a possible but rare complication in lung cancer patients that may be caused by massive tumor lysis or a paraneoplastic effect. Clinical case reports have documented pathological characteristics of paraneoplastic syndrome in glomeruli, but are short of molecular details. When Lewis lung carcinoma 1 (LLC1) cells were implanted in mice lungs to establish lung cancer, renal failure was frequently observed two weeks post orthotopic xenograft.

Association between Circulation Indole-3-Acetic Acid Levels and Stem Cell Factor in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Protein-bound uremic toxin is a cardiovascular (CV) risk factor for patients with end-stage renal disease. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was found to be associated with CV disease but the detailed pathophysiology remains unknown. Moreover, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades play an important role in the pathogenesis of CV disease.

Exploring the Benefit of 2-Methylbutyric Acid in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis Using a Cardiovascular Proteomics Approach.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can reduce pro-inflammatory parameters and oxidative stress, providing potential cardiovascular (CV) benefits. Although some evidence links SCFAs with host metabolic health via several biological mechanisms, the role of SCFA on CV disease in patients with kidney disease remains unclear. Herein, we investigate the association between a SCFA, 2-methylbutyric acid, and target CV proteomics to explore the potential pathophysiology of SCFA-related CV benefit in patients with kidney disease.

Effect of differences in serum creatinine estimation methodologies on estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Introduction: Serum creatinine is crucial in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation. Various methods of measuring GFR have been developed, which vary in their ability to estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and predict consequences associated with CKD. The use of different laboratory devices also results in uncertainty in estimated GFR (eGFR).

The Interaction of miR-378i-Skp2 Regulates Cell Senescence in Diabetic Nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the major cause of end stage renal disease. Proximal tubular epithelial cell (PTEC) injury occurs early in diabetic kidney, and it is correlated with consequent renal failure. Cellular senescence participates in the pathophysiology of DN, but its role remains unclear.

The interaction between N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and fluid status in adverse clinical outcomes of late stages of chronic kidney disease.

Introduction: Fluid overload is one of the major characteristics and complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is related to fluid status and fluid distribution. The aim of this study is to investigate the interaction between NT-proBNP and fluid status in adverse clinical outcomes of late stages of CKD.

Angiopoietin-2, Renal Deterioration, Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy.

Background/aims: Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease and accounts for 30∼40% of patients requiring maintenance dialysis, thereby increasing the burden on health insurance programs. Diabetic nephropathy is also the strongest predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine whether angiopoietin-2 (Angpt2), a modulator of endothelial function, affects the clinical outcomes of diabetic patients.

The interaction between fluid status and angiopoietin-2 in adverse renal outcomes of chronic kidney disease.

Background: Fluid overload is not only the characteristic but also an important complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Angiopoietin-2 (Angpt2) disturbs endothelium and vessel permeability, which may induce fluid overload. The aim of this study is to examine the interaction between fluid status and Angpt2 in adverse renal outcomes of CKD.

Angiopoietin-2, Angiopoietin-1 and subclinical cardiovascular disease in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Angiopoietins (Angpt) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been associated with cardiovascular disease. The study enrolled 270 pre-dialysis stage 3-5 CKD patients to assess the link between circulating Angpt2, Angpt1 and VEGF-A and subclinical measures of cardiovascular structure and function. Serum markers of angiogenesis were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Interankle systolic blood pressure difference and renal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Aim: Interankle blood pressure (BP) difference has been associated with peripheral artery disease and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, the relationship between interankle BP difference and renal outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has never been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether interankle BP difference is associated with the rate of renal function decline and progression to renal end points in patients with stage 3-5 CKD.

Angiopoietin-2 as a Prognostic Biomarker of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have higher prevalence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality. Endothelial damage and dysfunction have been regarded as early portents of MACE in CKD patients. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) impairs endothelial function and promotes aberrant neovascularization.

Association of angiopoietin-2 with renal outcome in chronic kidney disease.

Background: The pathophysiological mechanisms of renal function progression in chronic kidney disease (CKD) have still not been completely explored. In addition to well-known traditional risk factors, non-traditional risk factors, such as endothelial dysfunction, have gradually attracted physicians' attention. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) impairs endothelial function through preventing angiopoietin-1 from binding to Tie2 receptor.

Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and clinical outcomes in chronic kidney disease patients.

Background: Tubulointerstitial damage is a final common pathway of most renal diseases. Whether urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), a biomarker for renal tubular damage, is of prognostic value for clinical outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients has not been well investigated.

Methods: The uNGAL and proteinuria levels were measured among a cohort of 473 advanced CKD patients of various etiologies recruited during 2002-2009.

Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels predict cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury better than albuminuria or urinary cystatin C levels.

Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major concern among clinicians in prescribing cisplatin-based chemotherapy. This study evaluated and compared the ability of urinary biomarkers, including urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), cystatin C, and the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) to predict cisplatin-induced AKI. Thirty-three cancer patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy were prospectively studied, including 10 (30%) who developed AKI (the study group).

Iatrogenic rupture of the ureter during kidney biopsy.

Perirenal hematoma, hematuria, and abdominal pain are common complications of kidney biopsy, but ureter rupture is relatively less frequent. Here we report a patient who experienced severe abdominal pain and gross hematuria following a non-smooth procedure of ultrasound-guided kidney biopsy. Computed tomography showed rupture of the left upper third of the ureter.

False elevation of blood glucose levels measured by GDH-PQQ-based glucometers occurs during all daily dwells in peritoneal dialysis patients using icodextrin.

Objective: False elevation of blood glucose levels measured by glucose dehydrogenase pyrroloquinoline quinone (GDH-PQQ)-based glucose self-monitoring systems; glucometer) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients using icodextrin solution has been well documented. However, adverse hypoglycemic events caused by misreadings for blood glucose are still being reported. We aimed to study blood glucose levels measured simultaneously using different methods in PD patients with switching of icodextrin, and throughout daily exchanges either using icodextrin or not.

[Fatigue in pediatric oncology patients].

Fatigue is a common symptom in children with cancer who are receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Because the treatment of cancer in pediatric oncology patients involves intensive chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment aimed at curing the condition, fatigue tends to be ignored by health care providers. This article aims to discuss "fatigue" from the following perspectives: definition, related conceptual/theoretical framework, studies related to pediatric oncology patients, assessment of fatigue, factors related to quality of life.