Development of a novel functional jelly with dieckol-rich extract from : Physicochemical, antioxidant, and sensory characterization.

This study aimed to develop a novel functional jelly by incorporating dieckol-rich extracts from (). In the extraction process, a high dieckol yield (16.5 mg/g biomass) was achieved by response surface optimization (optimum conditions: 55.

Distribution and impact of p16 senescent cells in elderly tissues: a focus on senescent immune cell and epithelial dysfunction.

Cellular senescence, recognized as a key hallmark of aging, leads to the accumulation of senescent cells in various tissues over time. While the detrimental effects of these cells on age-related pathological conditions are well-documented, there is still limited information about how senescent cells are distributed in normal tissues of both young and aged organs. Our research indicates that fully senescent p16 cells are rarely identified in the parenchyma of organic tissues and in the stromal cells crucial for structural maintenance, such as fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells.

Effect of Sortilin1 on promoting angiogenesis and systemic metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma via the Notch signaling pathway and CD133.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known to be lethal disease. However, its prognosis remains poor, primarily because the precise oncogenic mechanisms underlying HCC progression remain elusive, thus hampering effective treatment. Here, we aimed to identify the potential oncogenes in HCC and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of their action.

Single-cell and spatial omics: exploring hypothalamic heterogeneity.

Elucidating the complex dynamic cellular organization in the hypothalamus is critical for understanding its role in coordinating fundamental body functions. Over the past decade, single-cell and spatial omics technologies have significantly evolved, overcoming initial technical challenges in capturing and analyzing individual cells. These high-throughput omics technologies now offer a remarkable opportunity to comprehend the complex spatiotemporal patterns of transcriptional diversity and cell-type characteristics across the entire hypothalamus.

Regulation of Hippo-YAP signaling axis by Isoalantolactone suppresses tumor progression in cholangiocarcinoma.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating malignancy characterized by aggressive tumor growth and limited treatment options. Dysregulation of the Hippo signaling pathway and its downstream effector, Yes-associated protein (YAP), has been implicated in CCA development and progression. In this study, we investigated the effects of Isoalantolactone (IALT) on CCA cells to elucidate its effect on YAP activity and its potential clinical significance.

Multiomics profiling of buffy coat and plasma unveils etiology-specific signatures in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background/aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Despite identification of several biomarkers for HCC diagnosis, challenges such as low sensitivity and intratumoral heterogeneity have impeded early detection, highlighting the need for etiology-specific blood biomarkers.

Methods: We generated whole-transcriptome sequencing (WTS) and targeted proteome data from buffy coat and plasma samples from HCC patients.

NAMPT-Driven M2 Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages Leads to an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer.

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a metabolic enzyme with key roles in inflammation. Previous studies have examined the consequences of its upregulated expression in cancer cells themselves, but studies are limited with respect to its role in the other cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) during colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data, it is founded that NAMPT is highly expressed in SPP1 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), a unique subset of TAMs associated with immunosuppressive activity.

The LKB1-TSSK1B axis controls YAP phosphorylation to regulate the Hippo-YAP pathway.

The Hippo pathway's main effector, Yes-associated protein (YAP), plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis as a transcriptional coactivator. YAP's phosphorylation by core upstream components of the Hippo pathway, such as mammalian Ste20 kinase 1/2 (MST1/2), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinases (MAP4Ks), and their substrate, large tumor suppressor 1/2 (LATS1/2), influences YAP's subcellular localization, stability, and transcriptional activity. However, recent research suggests the existence of alternative pathways that phosphorylate YAP, independent of these core upstream Hippo pathway components, raising questions about additional means to inactivate YAP.

SRSF7 downregulation induces cellular senescence through generation of variants.

Alternative splicing (AS) enables a pre-mRNA to generate different functional protein variants. The change in AS has been reported as an emerging contributor to cellular senescence and aging. However, it remains to be elucidated which senescent AS variants are generated in and regulate senescence.

Unveiling Hypothalamic Molecular Signatures via Retrograde Viral Tracing and Single-Cell Transcriptomics.

Despite the importance of hypothalamic neurocircuits in regulating homeostatic and survival-related behaviors, our understanding of the intrinsic molecular identities of neural components involved in these complex multi-synaptic interactions remains limited. In this study, we constructed a Cre recombinase-dependent pseudorabies virus (PRVs) capable of crossing synapses, coupled with transcriptome analysis of single upstream neurons post-infection. By utilizing this retrograde nuclear Connect-seq (nuConnect-seq) approach, we generated a single nuclei RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) dataset of 1,533 cells derived from the hypothalamus of CRH-IRES-Cre (CRH-Cre) mice.

Mid-old cells are a potential target for anti-aging interventions in the elderly.

The biological process of aging is thought to result in part from accumulation of senescent cells in organs. However, the present study identified a subset of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells which are the major constituents of organ stroma neither proliferative nor senescent in tissues of the elderly, which we termed "mid-old status" cells. Upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes (IL1B and SAA1) and downregulation of anti-inflammatory genes (SLIT2 and CXCL12) were detected in mid-old cells.

Integrative multi-omics and systems bioinformatics in translational neuroscience: A data mining perspective.

Bioinformatic analysis of large and complex omics datasets has become increasingly useful in modern day biology by providing a great depth of information, with its application to neuroscience termed neuroinformatics. Data mining of omics datasets has enabled the generation of new hypotheses based on differentially regulated biological molecules associated with disease mechanisms, which can be tested experimentally for improved diagnostic and therapeutic targeting of neurodegenerative diseases. Importantly, integrating multi-omics data using a systems bioinformatics approach will advance the understanding of the layered and interactive network of biological regulation that exchanges systemic knowledge to facilitate the development of a comprehensive human brain profile.

Deleterious Mechanical Deformation Selects Mechanoresilient Cancer Cells with Enhanced Proliferation and Chemoresistance.

Cancer cells in secondary tumors are found to form metastases more efficiently as compared to their primary tumor counterparts. This is partially due to the unfavorable microenvironments encountered by metastasizing cancer cells that result in the survival of a more metastatic phenotype from the original population. However, the role of deleterious mechanical stresses in this change of metastatic potential is unclear.

An integrated single-cell transcriptomic dataset for non-small cell lung cancer.

As single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a great tool for studying cellular heterogeneity within the past decade, the number of available scRNA-seq datasets also rapidly increased. However, reuse of such data is often problematic due to a small cohort size, limited cell types, and insufficient information on cell type classification. Here, we present a large integrated scRNA-seq dataset containing 224,611 cells from human primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors.

Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived secreted phosphoprotein 1 contributes to resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma to sorafenib and lenvatinib.

Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in the induction of chemo-resistance. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism underlying CAF-mediated resistance to two tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), sorafenib and lenvatinib, and to identify a novel therapeutic target for overcoming TKI resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: We performed a systematic integrative analysis of publicly available gene expression datasets and whole-transcriptome sequencing data from 9 pairs of CAFs and para-cancer fibroblasts isolated from human HCC and para-tumor tissues, respectively, to identify key molecules that might induce resistance to TKIs.

p15 is an alternative marker of senescent tumor cells in colorectal cancer.

Senescent tumor cells are nonproliferating tumor cells which are closely related to cancer progression by secreting senescence-related molecules, called senescence-associated secreting phenotypes. Therefore, the presence of senescent tumor cells is considered a prognostic factor in various cancer types. Although senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining is considered the best marker for detection of senescent tumor cells, it can only be performed in fresh-frozen tissues.

Pro-metastatic and mesenchymal gene expression signatures characterize circulating tumor cells of neuroblastoma patients with bone marrow metastases and relapse.

Existing marker-based methods of minimal residual disease (MRD) determination in neuroblastoma do not effectively enrich for the circulating disease cell population. Given the relative size differential of neuroblastoma tumor cells over normal hematogenous cells, we hypothesized that cell size-based separation could enrich circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) from bone marrow aspirates (BMA) of neuroblastoma patients, and that their gene expression profiles could vary dynamically with various disease states over the course of treatment. Using a spiral microfluidic chip, peripheral blood of 17 neuroblastoma patients at 3 serial treatment timepoints (diagnosis, n=17; post-chemotherapy, n=11; and relapse, n=3), and bone marrow samples at diagnosis were enriched for large intact circulating cells.

Transcriptional Heterogeneity of Cellular Senescence in Cancer.

Cellular senescence plays a paradoxical role in tumorigenesis through the expression of diverse senescence-associated (SA) secretory phenotypes (SASPs). The heterogeneity of SA gene expression in cancer cells not only promotes cancer stemness but also protects these cells from chemotherapy. Despite the potential correlation between cancer and SA biomarkers, many transcriptional changes across distinct cell populations remain largely unknown.

Mitoribosomal Deregulation Drives Senescence via TPP1-Mediated Telomere Deprotection.

While mitochondrial bioenergetic deregulation has long been implicated in cellular senescence, its mechanistic involvement remains unclear. By leveraging diverse mitochondria-related gene expression profiles derived from two different cellular senescence models of human diploid fibroblasts, we found that the expression of mitoribosomal proteins (MRPs) was generally decreased during the early-to-middle transition prior to the exhibition of noticeable SA-β-gal activity. Suppressed expression patterns of the identified senescence-associated MRP signatures (SA-MRPs) were validated in aged human cells and rat and mouse skin tissues and in aging mouse fibroblasts at single-cell resolution.