Targeting the multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 gene (SLC47A1) sensitizes glioma stem cells to temozolomide.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor, with an extremely poor prognosis due to resistance to standard-of-care treatments. Strong evidence suggests that the small population of glioma stem cells (GSCs) contributes to the aggressiveness of GBM. One of the mechanisms that promote GSC progression is the dysregulation of membrane transporters, which mediate the influx and efflux of substances to maintain cellular homeostasis.

AGEs Blocker™ (Goji Berry, Fig, and Korean Mint Mixed Extract) Inhibits Skin Aging Caused by Streptozotocin-Induced Glycation in Hairless Mice.

Glycation is a cause of skin aging. This study investigated in a glycation-induced skin aging mouse model the effects on skin and mechanism of action of AGEs Blocker™ (AB), which contains goji berry, fig, and Korean mint mixed extract. This study sought to demonstrate the antiglycation effect of streptozotocin, thereby improving skin aging, by measuring advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and various skin parameters, including collagen; matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); inflammatory cytokines; activities of oxidative enzymes; and skin wrinkles, elasticity, and hydration.

Therapeutic Potential of Thunb. and Its Active Components in a Delayed Corneal Wound Healing Model Following Blue Light Irradiation-Induced Oxidative Stress.

Blue light is reported to be harmful to eyes by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, the roles of Thunb. leaf extract (PJE) in corneal wound healing under blue light irradiation are investigated.

Pharmacokinetics of Antiretroviral Agents in Pregnant Individuals Living With HIV: Current Status and Considerations for Study Design and Interpretation.

Determining the appropriate dosing regimens of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for pregnant individuals living with HIV-1 infection is critical to maximize maternal health and prevent perinatal HIV transmission. Throughout pregnancy, pharmacokinetics (PK) of ARVs can be significantly altered due to physiological, anatomic, and metabolic changes. As such, conducting PK studies of ARVs during pregnancy is crucial to optimize dosing regimens.

Pharmacokinetic Evaluation in Pregnancy-Current Status and Future Considerations: Workshop Summary.

As pregnant individuals have traditionally been excluded from clinical trials, there is a gap in knowledge at the time of drug approval regarding safety, efficacy, and appropriate dosing for most prescription medications used during pregnancy. Physiologic changes in pregnancy can result in changes in pharmacokinetics that can impact safety or efficacy. This highlights the need to foster further research and collection of pharmacokinetic data in pregnancy to ensure appropriate drug dosing in pregnant individuals.

Antiphotoaging Effect of AGEs Blocker™ in UVB-Irradiated Cells and Skh:HR-1 Hairless Mice.

Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major cause of photoaging. It involves extrinsic aging, wrinkle formation, and skin dehydration, and leads to excessive production of active oxygen that adversely affects the skin. Here, we investigated the antiphotoaging effect of AGEs Blocker (AB), which comprises Korean mint aerial part and fig and goji berry fruits.

The Preventive Effect of Specific Collagen Peptides against Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy in Mice.

Muscle atrophy, also known as muscle wasting, is the thinning of muscle mass due to muscle disuse, aging, or diseases such as cancer or neurological problems. Muscle atrophy is closely related to the quality of life and has high morbidity and mortality. However, therapeutic options for muscle atrophy are limited, so studies to develop therapeutic agents for muscle loss are always required.

Noni fruit extract ameliorates alcohol-induced hangover symptoms by reducing the concentrations of alcohol and acetaldehyde in a Sprague Dawley rat model and a human intervention study.

Various studies have reported that Noni shows various health effects. This study aimed to assess the ability of Noni fruit extract to serve as a single active functional ingredient for the alleviation of hangover symptoms in Sprague Dawley rats and healthy subjects in a single-dose, randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study. The rats were orally administered Noni fruit extract at 50 or 100 mg per kg body weight (B.

Analysis of the Effect of Carbonation Rate on the Concrete Water Reservoir Structures According to Applied Waterproofing/Anticorrosive Methods.

This study seeks to analyze how the degree of carbonation and the application of waterproofing and anticorrosive materials affect carbonation in water reservoirs among the water treatment facilities managed by the Seoul Metropolitan Government. To guarantee similarity of the experimental group, 42 highly similar water reservoirs were selected from among the water supply reservoirs currently in operation in Seoul. On-site carbonation assessments were performed in order to derive the carbonation rate coefficients.

Euscaphic acid relieves fatigue by enhancing anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.

Background: Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in chronic fatigue. Euscaphic acid (EA) is an active compound of (Loquat) and has anti-oxidative effect.

Methods: The goal of present study is to prove whether EA could relieve fatigue through enhancing anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in models.

NK cell-mediated immunostimulatory effects of ethanol extract of Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit.

Background: Morinda citrifolia (Noni) is a plant that has long been used in various products such as foods and cosmetics. Although noni has been known to have immunostimulatory activity, detailed mechanism at the cellular level has not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we focused on understanding as to how noni fruit can positively stimulate body's immune responses.

Shinorine and porphyra-334 isolated from laver () inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells.

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) such as shinorine and porphyra-334 from spp. are bioactive compounds with strong photoprotective and antioxidant properties. In this study, the anti-adipogenic effect of shinorine and porphyra-334 was examined in vitro utilizing 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

Benefit-risk assessment for brincidofovir for the treatment of smallpox: U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Evaluation.

The development and approval of brincidofovir for the treatment of smallpox, a disease that was eradicated from the world over 40 years ago, has resulted in the second antiviral approved via the Medical Countermeasure Initiative (MCMi) to combat this disease. Approval of brincidofovir required a unique regulatory approach based on the FDA Animal Rule, and development was supported by many years of research and collaboration among academic investigators, the pharmaceutical industry and multiple government agencies. This article summarizes the FDA regulatory pathway and describes the challenges involved.

(Chamomile) Ameliorates Muscle Atrophy in Mice by Targeting Protein Catalytic Pathways, Myogenesis, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

Muscle atrophy, or loss of skeletal muscle, is caused by aging, malnutrition, immobility through injury, or diseases such as cancer. Chamomile ( L.) contains various active components, including flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, polyacetylenes, and coumarins, and is used in various herbal medicines in the European Pharmacopoeia.

Inhibitory effects of extract on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation.

This study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of () extract on the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells and evaluate its anti-obesity effect. The proliferation of 3T3-L1 cells and differentiation of adipocytes under treatment of extract was examined by measuring the cell viability using alamarBlue assay and lipid droplets by Oil Red O staining. Results showed that extract has no cytotoxicity effect and lipid droplets formation decreased in a concentration-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 cells.

Antimicrobial Dose Selection under the Animal Rule.

The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) "Animal Rule" provides a unique regulatory pathway for drugs and biologics intended to treat serious or life-threatening conditions caused by exposure to lethal or permanently disabling chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear agents when human efficacy studies are not ethical and field trials are not feasible. Human dose selection under the Animal Rule is based on integrating the totality of clinical pharmacology evidence collected in in vitro, animal, and human studies. This review discusses the necessary pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic information and methods for determining the effective human dose of antimicrobials under the Animal Rule and presents case studies illustrating the utility of a totality of evidence approach for different methods.

Disinfection by-product formation potential of algogenic organic matter from Microcystis aeruginosa: Effects of growth phases and powdered activated carbon adsorption.

Algae can exhibit different disinfection by-product formation potential (DBPFP) depending on the characteristics of the algogenic organic matter (AOM) released during growth. In this study, the amount of AOM released by Microcystis aeruginosa and its DBPFP were compared between the exponential growth phase and the death phase. Moreover, the efficiency of DBPFP removal through powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption was evaluated.

Analysis on the Effects of External Temperature and Welding Speed on the Safety of EVA Waterproofing Sheet Joints by Hot Air Welding.

This study analyzes the optimal seasonal ambient temperature during welding and welding speed conditions for securing high tensile strength of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) waterproofing sheets bonded for roofing, installed by hot air welded joints (overlaps). Seven separate ambient temperature conditions (-10, -5, and 0 °C for winter conditions, 20 °C for the normal condition, and 25, 30, and 35 °C for summer conditions) were set for the test variable and seven speed conditions (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 m/min) for hot air welding. Based on these conditions, EVA sheet joint specimens were prepared, and the tensile strength of the joint sections was tested and measured.

Water Extract of Lotus Leaf Alleviates Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via Regulating Protein Metabolism-Related Pathways in Mice.

Muscle atrophy is an abnormal condition characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and function and is primarily caused by injury, malnutrition, various diseases, and aging. Leaf of lotus ( Gaertn), which has been used for medicinal purposes, contains various active ingredients, including polyphenols, and is reported to exert an antioxidant effect. In this study, we investigated the effect of water extract of lotus leaf (LL) on muscle atrophy and the underlying molecular mechanisms of action.

The Effect of Crystal Structure on the Growth of Nanotubular Oxide Layers Formed on Ti-Ni Alloys.

Electrochemical anodization of Ti-Ni alloys with different Ni composition was carried out in an ethylene glycol base electrolyte under the various conditions to investigate the effect of crystal structure and chemical composition of the Ti-Ni alloy. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that Ti-48.0 Ni and Ti-49.

A Comprehensive Updated Review on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.

This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive current summary of the pathogenesis, clinical features, disease course, host immune responses, and current investigational antiviral and immunomodulatory pharmacotherapies to facilitate the development of future therapies and measures for prevention and control.

Evaluation of Sheet-Coated Composite Waterproofing Joint Types by Analysis of Tensile Strength Change and Concrete Displacement Resistance Testing under Environmental Degradation.

Sheet-coated composite waterproofing (SCCW) have been developed to overcome the natural weakness of singly-ply coating or sheet waterproofing systems for roofing, but there are currently multiple types of SCCW joints. Conventional standard tensile strength testing results show that all SCCW joint types seem to pass the minimum requirement and current selection of SCCW type is dictated on the principle of 'higher tensile strength is better', but it has not been experimentally studied as to which type is the optimal to respond to environmental degradation while under the effect of zero-span tensile stress occurring during concrete joint displacement. In this study, five types of SCCW joints were tested: Overlap Bond (OB) type, Overlap Heated-Air Welding (OH) type, Butt Joint I Type (BI), Butt Joint T Type (BT), and Butt Joint Separation Movement Type (BS).