Vinegar-processed Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide ameliorates type 2 diabetes via modulation serum metabolic profiles, gut microbiota, and fecal SCFAs.

Numerous studies indicate that Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (SC) has anti-type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) effects, and its processed products are commonly used in clinical practice. However, limited reports exist on the mechanisms of polysaccharides from its vinegar products and their role in T2DM.

Collaborative activities in a biological dosimetry network for radiation emergencies in South Korea.

Purpose: Biological dosimetry is an essential analytic method to estimate the absorbed radiation dose in the human body by measuring changes in biomolecules after radiation exposure. Joint response in a network to mass-casualty radiation incidents is one way to overcome the limitations of biological dosimetry, sharing the workload among laboratories. This study aimed to investigate the current performance, collaborative activities and technical advances of the Korea biodosimetry network (K-BioDos), and suggest the future directions toward successful joint response.

Machine learning-based prediction of duodenal stump leakage following laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Background: Duodenal stump leakage is one of the most critical complications following gastrectomy surgery, with a high mortality rate. The present study aimed to establish a predictive model based on machine learning for forecasting the occurrence of duodenal stump leakage in patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Materials And Methods: The present study included the data of 4,070 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who received laparoscopic gastrectomy.

Global burden, risk factors, and projections of early-onset dementia: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Despite increasing global awareness of dementia, reliable estimates of the disease burden associated with Early-Onset Dementia (EOD) remain insufficiently quantified. This study aims to estimate the disease burden of EOD, analyze the burden attributable to risk factors from 1990 to 2021, and project these trends to 2050 at global, regional, and national levels, providing essential data to inform public health policy.

Methods: By utilising data from the GBD 2021 database, this study analysed metrics such as age-standardized prevalence (ASPR), mortality (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life years (AS-DALYs) for EOD.

Increasing eccentric contraction duration enhances resistance exercise-induced inhibitory control improvement while reducing the exertion perception: A pilot study in young men.

Low-intensity resistance exercise with slow movement and tonic force generation (LRST) effectively improves cognitive inhibitory control (IC) while heightening the subjective perception, which is a barrier to exercise adherence. Compared with concentric (CON) contractions, eccentric (ECC) contractions have greater brain activation related to cognitive functions while decreasing subjective perception. Therefore, we examined whether LRST with a longer duration of ECC contraction (ECC-LRST) could further enhance exercise-induced IC improvement while reducing the subjective perception, compared with traditional LRST.

Loss of AXIN1 regulates response to lenvatinib through a WNT/KDM5B/p15 signalling axis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background And Purpose: As a highly heterogeneous cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows different response rates to the multi-kinase inhibitor lenvatinib. Thus, it is important to explore genetic biomarkers for precision lenvatinib therapy in HCC.

Experimental Approach: The effect and mechanism of AXIN1 mutation on HCC were revealed by cell proliferation assay, long-term clone formation assay, sphere formation assay and small molecule inhibitor library screening.

Heat wave exposure during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental delay in young children: A birth cohort study.

Introduction: Gestation is a critical period for fetal brain development, and extreme heat exposure during this stage may have adverse impact on neurodevelopment in children. However, current evidence is scarce.

Methods: We examined the associations between maternal exposure to heat wave during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental delay in young children in a birth cohort study of 67,453 child-mother pairs from Foshan, China.

Reaction-Diffusion and Crystallization Kinetics Modulation of Two-Step Deposited Tin-Based Perovskite Film via Reducing Atmosphere.

The two-step deposition method effectively mitigates the efficiency decline observed in tin-based perovskite solar cells (TPVSCs) with increasing cell area, stemming from film in-homogeneity. However, the high solubility of SnI in the conventionally used solvent isopropyl alcohol, coupled with the absence of effective modulation of reaction-diffusion process, results in inadequate film coverage and conversion. In this study, we introduce formic acid as the second-step solvent and introduce dithiothreitol (DTT) to regulate reaction-diffusion/crystallization kinetics meticulously.

Targeting the NOTCH2/ADAM10/TCF7L2 Axis-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation of Wnt Pathway Suppresses Tumor Growth and Enhances Chemosensitivity in Colorectal Cancer.

Wnt/β-catenin/transcription factor (TCF) transcriptional activity plays an integral role in colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis. However, to date, no drugs targeting this pathway are used in clinical practice owing to the undesirable and serious side effects. In this study, it is found that the transcriptional regulation of Wnt pathway is activated and associated with liver metastasis in CRC.

Changes in Fibrinogen and D-Dimer During Complicated and Uncomplicated Pregnancy.

Introduction: The increase in fibrinogen levels is vital for the formation of a prothrombotic state during gestation to counter-bleeding challenges at delivery. However, pregnancy complications characterized by systemic inflammatory response syndrome may consume fibrinogen, resulting in elevated D-dimer levels.

Methods: Our study is based on a total of 16 768 pregnant women who delivered between December 1, 2013, and December 1, 2018, to study fibrinogen and D-dimer changes during gestation under normal and multiples of pathogenic states.

Associations of an overall healthy lifestyle with the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects up to one-third of the global population. Since no approved pharmacotherapy for MAFLD is available, lifestyle modification remains the cornerstone of clinical care. Our study aims to evaluate the association of an overall healthy lifestyle with MAFLD risk.

[Research progress in stimuli-responsive microneedles for biomedical applications].

Conventional administration methods have problems including low bioavailability, complex operation process, and discomfort of patients with fear of needles. Transdermal delivery can avoid these problems, whereas most drugs are difficult to directly penetrate the skin cuticle and reach the diseased site. Microneedling is an emerging method of local drug delivery, enabling the drug penetration through the stratum corneum of the skin in a minimally invasive manner and delivering the drug directly to the diseased site, thereby improving the treatment effect.

Effect of dynamic high-pressure microfluidization on the structural, emulsifying properties, in vitro digestion and antioxidant activity of whey protein isolate.

The effects of dynamic high-pressure microfluidization (DHPM) on the structural, emulsifying properties, in vitro digestion and antioxidant activity of whey protein isolate (WPI) were investigated. The results demonstrated that WPI treated with 100 MPa DHPM exhibited superior emulsification performance. This can be attributed to the conformational changes induced by 100 MPa DHPM in WPI, leading to a transformation from disordered structures to ordered structures and an increased exposure of fluorophore such as tryptophan residues and hydrophobic groups, reduced aggregation state and particle size of WPI.

Exosomes from polarized Microglia: Proteomic insights into potential mechanisms affecting intracerebral hemorrhage.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Microglia are intracranial innate immune cell that play critical roles in Intracerebral hemorrhage through direct or indirect means. Vesicle transport is a fundamental mechanism of intercellular communication.

Deciphering the topological landscape of glioma using a network theory framework.

Glioma stem cells have been recognized as key players in glioma recurrence and therapeutic resistance, presenting a promising target for novel treatments. However, the limited understanding of the role glioma stem cells play in the glioma hierarchy has drawn controversy and hindered research translation into therapies. Despite significant advances in our understanding of gene regulatory networks, the dynamics of these networks and their implications for glioma remain elusive.

Increased expression of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) contributes to synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: The activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an early pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, but how ER stress contributes to the onset and development of AD remains poorly characterized. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is a non-canonical neurotrophic factor and an ER stress inducible protein. Previous studies reported that MANF is increased in the brains of both pre-symptomatic and symptomatic AD patients, but the consequence of the early rise in MANF protein is unknown.

Optimized machine learning model for predicting unplanned reoperation after rectal cancer anterior resection.

Background: Unplanned reoperation (URO) after surgery adversely affects the quality of life and prognosis of patients undergoing anterior resection for rectal cancer. This study aims to meet the urgent need for reliable predictive tools by developing an optimized machine learning model to estimate the risk of URO following anterior resection in rectal cancer patients.

Methods: This retrospective study collected multidimensional data from patients who underwent anterior resection for rectal cancer at Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2012 to December 2022.

A Strategy Involving Microporous Microneedles Integrated with CAR-TREM2-Macrophages for Scar Management by Regulating Fibrotic Microenvironment.

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) positive fibroblasts play a pivotal role in scar development following skin injury. Heterogeneous vascular endothelial cells (ECs) within scarred areas retain the capacity to drive tissue regeneration and repair. Simultaneously, TREM2 macrophages play a crucial role in the progression and resolution of fibrosis by engaging in mutual regulation with ECs.