Drug Development.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is complex in pathogenesis and related to aging biology, especially in late-onset AD. We identified a novel synthetic curcumin analog TML-6 through the platform of 6 biomarkers of anti-aging, anti-inflammation, and anti-Aβ as the potential AD drug candidate. TML-6 exhibits multi-target effects on AD pathogenesis, including the activation of NrF-2, the regulation of autophagic machinery through mTOR, the inhibition of APP synthesis and reduction of Aβ, the upregulation of ApoE, and the inhibition of microglial activation.

Clinical Utility and Performance of the Traditional Chinese Version of the 4-As Test for Delirium Due to Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Delirium is a common symptom following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) that is often overlooked by healthcare professionals. Early detection of post-traumatic delirium is crucial to improving patient outcomes and quality of life. The four As Test (4AT: alertness, attention, abbreviated mental test-4, and acute mental changes) is a brief and rapid tool for delirium assessment with acceptable reliability and validity.

Immunotherapeutic targeting of aging-associated isoDGR motif in chronic lung inflammation.

Accumulation of damaged biomolecules in body tissues is the primary cause of aging and age-related chronic diseases. Since this damage often occurs spontaneously, it has traditionally been regarded as untreatable, with typical therapeutic strategies targeting genes or enzymes being ineffective in this domain. In this report, we demonstrate that an antibody targeting the isoDGR damage motif in lung tissue can guide immune clearance of harmful damaged proteins in vivo, effectively reducing age-linked lung inflammation.

Transitional Care for Spinal Cord Injuries in Hong Kong SAR, China: A Narrative Review of the Local Experience.

Spinal cord injuries (SCI) are devastating conditions which often cause multiple permanent physical impairments and psychosocial complications. Discharge from hospital is often delayed and precious health resources are consumed. In Hong Kong SAR, China, the government welfare system and the public hospital system have worked together to address these problems through partnership with non-governmental organizations.

Hazard Ratios and Alternative Effect Measures: An Applied Illustration.

Purpose: Although the limitations of hazard ratios (HRs) for quantifying treatment effects in right-censored data have been widely discussed, HRs are still preferentially reported over other, more interpretable effect measures. This may stem from the fact that there are few applied examples that directly contrast the HR and its interpretation with alternative effect measures.

Methods: We analyzed data from two randomized clinical trials comparing panitumumab plus standard-of-care chemotherapy (SOCC) with SOCC alone as first- and second-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer.

Single-cell laser emitting cytometry for label-free nucleolus fingerprinting.

The nucleolus, a recognized biomolecular condensate, serves as the hub for ribosome biogenesis within the cell nucleus. Its quantity and morphology are discernible indicators of cellular functional states. However, precise identification and quantification of nucleoli remain challenging without specific labeling, particularly for suspended cells, tissue-level analysis and high-throughput applications.

Use of Sensitivity Analyses to Assess Uncontrolled Confounding from Unmeasured Variables in Observational, Active Comparator Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies: A Systematic Review.

Understanding the potential for, direction, and magnitude of uncontrolled confounding is critical for generating informative real-world evidence. Many sensitivity analyses are available to assess robustness of study results to residual confounding, but it is unclear how researchers are using these methods. We conducted a systematic review of published active comparator cohort studies of drugs or biologics to summarize use of sensitivity analyses aimed at assessing uncontrolled confounding from an unmeasured variable.

Application of Robotic Stereotactic Assistance (ROSA) for spontaneous intracerebral hematoma aspiration and thrombolytic catheter placement.

Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for up to 20% of all strokes and results in 40% mortality at 30 days. Although conservative medical management is still the standard treatment for ICH patients with small hematoma, patients with residual hematoma ≤15 mL after surgery are associated with better functional outcomes and survival rates. This study reported our clinical experience with using Robotic Stereotactic Assistance (ROSA) as a safe and effective approach for stereotactic ICH aspiration and intra-clot catheter placement.

Site-specific thrombus formation: advancements in photothrombosis-on-a-chip technology.

Thrombosis, characterized by blood clot formation within vessels, poses a significant medical challenge. Despite extensive research, the development of effective thrombosis therapies is hindered by substantial costs, lengthy development times, and high failure rates in medication commercialization. Conventional pre-clinical models often oversimplify cardiovascular disease, leading to a disparity between experimental results and human physiological responses.

Marine-derived antimicrobial peptide piscidin-1 triggers extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma through reactive oxygen species production and inhibits angiogenesis.

Cancer of the head and neck encompasses a wide range of cancers, including oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Oral cancer is often diagnosed at advanced stages and has a dismal prognosis. Piscidin-1, a marine antimicrobial peptide (AMP) containing approximately 22 amino acids, also exhibits significant anticancer properties.

Development and Evaluation of a Multisource Approach to Extend Mortality Follow-Up for Older Adults With Advanced Cancer Enrolled in Randomized Trials.

Purpose: Mortality data can complement primary end points from cancer clinical trials. Yet, identifying deaths after trial completion is challenging, as timely and comprehensive vital status data are unavailable in the United States. We developed and evaluated a multisource approach to capture death data after clinical trial completion.

Risk, Predictive, and Preventive Factors for Noninfectious Ventriculitis and External Ventricular Drain Infection.

Background: External ventricular drain (EVD) is used for monitoring intracranial pressure or diverting cerebrospinal fluid. However, confirmation of an infection is not immediate and requires obtaining culture results, often leading to the excessive use of antibiotics. This study aimed to compare noninfectious ventriculitis and EVD infection in terms of the risk factors, predictors, prognosis, and effectiveness of care bundle interventions.

Normative developmental vs. reverse developmental trends in memory distortion: a framework to investigate the impact of internal and external influences on memory and their relevance to legal decisions.

There are two opposing positions regarding the development of memory: the normative developmental position, and the reverse developmental position. The normative position, which has long been the default presupposition, supports the notion that susceptibility to memory distortion, including false memories, decreases with age. In contrast, the concept of "developmental reversals" supports the notion that susceptibility to memory distortion and false memories increases with age.

The Association of Hearing Loss With Active Music Enjoyment in Hearing Aid Users.

Objective: Hearing aids (HAs) are designed for speech rather than music listening. The impact of HAs on music enjoyment is poorly studied. We examine the effect of HAs on active music enjoyment in individuals with varying levels of hearing loss (HL).

Delirium assessment tools among hospitalized older adults: A systematic review and metaanalysis of diagnostic accuracy.

Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome that is often overlooked in clinical settings. The most accurate instrument for screening delirium has not been established. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the 4 'A's Test (4AT), Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC), and Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) in detecting delirium among older adults in clinical settings.

Current exposure to Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery faculty during urology residency.

Introduction: Contemporary US resident exposure to Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery (FPMRS) faculty during urology residency is unknown.

Methods: Accredited US urology residencies were identified through the American Urological Association (AUA). Accredited, urology-based FPMRS fellowships were identified through the Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine and Urogenital Reconstruction.

Utility of FDG PET/CT in Patient with Synchronous Breast and Colon Cancer.

The most common malignancy in women is breast cancer, and the second one is colon cancer. Synchronous breast and colon cancers are rare. Here, we reported a 60-year-old woman with a left breast mass for six months.

CFD Study of the Effect of the Angle Pattern on Iliac Vein Compression Syndrome.

Iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS, or May-Thurner syndrome) occurs due to the compression of the left common iliac vein between the lumbar spine and right common iliac artery. Because most patients with compression are asymptomatic, the syndrome is difficult to diagnose based on the degree of anatomical compression. In this study, we investigated how the tilt angle of the left common iliac vein affects the flow patterns in the compressed blood vessel using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations to determine the flow fields generated after compression sites.